30 November 2021 Pengantar Manajemen 09 Alimardi

Kelas IELTS

29 Nov 202117:49

Summary

TLDRThis script from 'Minggu ke 9 Mata' explores the challenges of international management in the era of globalization. It delves into the concept of global business, the impact of culture on global management, and the benefits of studying global management. It outlines strategies for entering global markets, such as global sourcing, exporting, and franchising, and discusses direct investment strategies like joint ventures and strategic alliances. The script also addresses the business environment, including legal and political systems, trade agreements, and the role of multinational companies. It touches on common complaints from host countries towards multinationals and vice versa, and raises issues like corruption, sweatshops, and child labor. Cultural aspects are highlighted, including definitions of culture, cultural intelligence, and the stages of adapting to new cultures. The summary concludes with a discussion on non-verbal communication and cultural dimensions affecting global business practices.

Takeaways

🌐 The script discusses the challenges of management due to globalization, including increased global competition and the need for adaptation to a global environment.
🏢 It defines 'global business' as the transaction of goods and services across countries for profit, with reasons for going global including greater profits, more customers, diverse suppliers, better access to capital, cheaper labor, and lower risks compared to domestic business.
📈 The script outlines strategies for entering global markets, such as global sourcing, exporting, importing, licensing agreements, and franchising.
🤝 It explains direct investment strategies like joint ventures and strategic alliances, which involve full ownership and control over foreign operations, with examples provided for each.
🤔 The importance of choosing the right joint venture partners is highlighted, emphasizing familiarity with the business, access to local resources, and financial stability.
🛃 The script covers the global business environment, influenced by legal and political systems, trade agreements, and regional economic alliances, which can affect trade tariffs and procedures.
🌟 It describes different types of global businesses, such as global corporations and multinational corporations, and their objectives for expansion and profit.
😡 Common complaints from host countries about multinational companies include excessive profit-seeking, economic domination, problematic government relations, exploitation of local talent, and disregard for local customs.
😠 Conversely, multinational companies may complain about host countries' limitations on profit, high local resource costs, exploitative regulations, tight international labor exchange rules, and unfaithfulness to business contracts.
💼 The script addresses various global business issues like corruption, sweatshops, child labor, and sustainable development concerns.
🗣 It delves into the impact of culture on global management, introducing terms like 'culture', 'culture shock', 'cultural intelligence', and 'ethnocentrism', and explaining the stages of adapting to a new culture.
🕰 The differences in communication styles between high-context and low-context cultures are discussed, as well as concepts like monochronic and polychronic time, and proxemics in relation to personal space.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lecture in the provided script?
-The main topic of the lecture is an introduction to international management, discussing the challenges faced by the field due to globalization, the meaning of global business, the impact of culture on global management, and the benefits of studying global management.
What are some of the challenges faced by management due to globalization?
-Some challenges include the increase in global competition, the need to adapt to a global environment, increased interdependence among businesses worldwide, and the need for heightened awareness of international developments and their impact on society and the economy.
What is meant by 'global business' in the context of the lecture?
-'Global business' refers to the transactions of goods and services across countries for the purpose of profit.
Why do businesses become global according to the lecture?
-Businesses become global for reasons such as the potential for greater profit, access to a larger customer base, a more varied range of suppliers, higher access to capital, cheaper labor, and lower risks compared to operating within their own country.
What are the two general strategies for entering the global market mentioned in the script?
-The two general strategies for entering the global market are market entry strategies and direct investment strategies.
Can you explain the concept of 'joint venture' as discussed in the lecture?
-A 'joint venture' is a business arrangement where a company operates in a foreign country and is partially owned by foreign and local business partners, sharing resources and knowledge for mutual benefit.
What are some tips for choosing a joint venture partner according to the script?
-Tips for choosing a joint venture partner include familiarity with your type of business, strong access to local labor, potential to support future expansion, valuing customers, good access to the local market, and financial reliability.
What are the three main factors influencing the global business environment as discussed in the script?
-The three main factors influencing the global business environment are the legal and political system, trade agreements and restrictions, and regional economic alliances.
What complaints do host countries often have against multinational companies?
-Host countries often complain about multinational companies being overly greedy for profit, having ambitions to dominate the local economy, having problematic models with the local government, exploiting local talent for company profit, not introducing new technologies, and not respecting local customs.
What are some common issues faced in global business practices mentioned in the script?
-Some common issues faced in global business practices include corruption, sweatshops, child labor, and sustainability issues.
How does culture impact global management according to the lecture?
-Culture impacts global management by influencing a set of beliefs, values, and behavior patterns commonly followed by a group of people. Understanding cultural differences is crucial for effective global management, including concepts like cultural intelligence, ethnocentrism, and the stages of adapting to a new culture.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Introduction to International Management

The script introduces the topic of international management, discussing the challenges faced by the field due to globalization. It poses questions about the meaning of global business and culture and their impact on global management. The benefits of studying global management are also highlighted, emphasizing the need for adaptation to a global environment, increased interdependence among businesses, and the importance of international awareness.

05:01

📈 Understanding Global Business and Strategies

This paragraph delves into the concept of global business, defining it as transactions of goods and services across countries for profit. It outlines the reasons for businesses going global, such as greater profits, a larger customer base, diverse suppliers, better access to capital and cheaper labor, and lower risks compared to domestic business. The paragraph also covers various market entry strategies, including global sourcing, exporting, importing, licensing agreements, and franchising, as well as direct investment strategies like joint ventures and strategic alliances.

10:02

🤝 Choosing Partners for Joint Ventures

The script provides tips for selecting partners in joint ventures, emphasizing the importance of familiarity with the business, access to local resources, potential for future expansion, respect for customers, and financial profitability. It also discusses the general business environment in the global context, influenced by legal and political systems, trade agreements, and regional economic alliances, and how these factors can affect trade tariffs and procedures.

15:03

💼 Global Business Environment and Cultural Impact

This section discusses the complaints and issues that arise between multinational companies and host countries, including accusations of excessive profit-seeking, economic domination, problematic models with local governments, exploitation of local talent, and disregard for local customs and technology. It also addresses various global business practices, such as corruption, sweatshops, child labor, and sustainability issues. The impact of culture on global management is explored, including definitions of culture, cultural adaptation stages, and concepts like ethnocentrism and cultural intelligence.

🕰 Time, Space, and National Cultural Values

The final paragraph examines the use of time and space in communication across different cultures, distinguishing between monochronic and polychronic cultures, and the importance of personal space in societies like the United States, Canada, and Germany versus less emphasis in Latin American and Asian cultures. It also introduces Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, which includes power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, and long-term vs. short-term orientation, providing examples of countries that embody these values.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Globalization

Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, which has a profound impact on the way businesses operate. In the video, it is discussed as a driving force behind the challenges and changes in international management, such as the need for adaptation to a global environment and the rise in inter-business dependencies on a global scale.

💡International Management

International Management is the process of overseeing and coordinating business operations across national borders. The video emphasizes its importance due to the growing complexity of managing organizations that involve more than one country, highlighting the awareness of international developments and their impact on society and economy.

💡Business Global

Business Global, as mentioned in the script, involves transactions of goods and services across countries to gain profits. It is a key concept in the video, illustrating the expansion of business activities beyond national boundaries for greater benefits, such as accessing larger markets, diverse suppliers, higher capital, cheaper labor, and lower risks compared to domestic business.

💡Market Entry Strategies

Market Entry Strategies are methods used by companies to enter foreign markets. The video outlines two broad types: market entry strategies and direct investment strategies. Examples given include global sourcing, exporting, importing, licensing agreements, and franchising, which are all ways for businesses to penetrate global markets.

💡Joint Venture

A Joint Venture is a business arrangement where two or more parties agree to pool their resources for a specific project. In the video, it is presented as one of the direct investment strategies, where a foreign business operates in a host country with partial ownership by local businesses, such as the example of PT Nestle Indofood Citra Indonesia.

💡Strategic Alliance

Strategic Alliance is a cooperative agreement between two or more businesses to achieve a common goal. The video describes it as a partnership where foreign and local companies share resources and knowledge for mutual benefit, exemplified by the collaboration between Ericsson and Sony to produce Sony Ericsson Walkman phones.

💡Cultural Adaptation

Cultural Adaptation is the process of adjusting to a new cultural environment. The video discusses several stages of this process, including confusion, small victories, the honeymoon phase, irritation and anger, and finally acceptance, which are all crucial for understanding how individuals cope with cultural changes in a global business context.

💡Cultural Intelligence

Cultural Intelligence is the ability to adapt and adjust to new cultural settings. It is highlighted in the video as an essential skill for individuals operating in a global business environment, enabling them to navigate cultural differences effectively.

💡Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others. The video mentions it as a concept to be aware of in global management, as it can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in international business settings.

💡Silence and Non-verbal Communication

Silence and Non-verbal Communication are ways of conveying messages without using spoken language. The video discusses how different cultures use silence and non-verbal cues in communication, which is important for understanding the nuances of global business interactions.

💡Context Culture

Context Culture refers to societies that rely heavily on the context in which a message is delivered, rather than the explicit words used. The video differentiates between high-context cultures, such as Thailand and Malaysia, which use non-verbal cues and the broader context to communicate, and low-context cultures, like America, Canada, and Germany, which rely more on explicit verbal or written communication.

💡Power Distance

Power Distance is a cultural dimension that reflects the extent to which less powerful members of a society accept that power is distributed unequally. The video includes it as one of the cultural values that can influence global business practices, indicating the degree of social inequality and the acceptance of authority within a society.

💡Uncertainty Avoidance

Uncertainty Avoidance is the extent to which a culture prefers to avoid uncertainty by relying on rules and regulations. In the video, it is discussed as a cultural aspect that can affect international business, as societies with high uncertainty avoidance may have more formalized structures and processes to minimize risk.

💡Individualism vs. Collectivism

Individualism and Collectivism are cultural dimensions that describe the degree to which people in a society prioritize their own interests versus the interests of the group. The video explains how these cultural values can influence business practices, with individualistic societies focusing more on personal achievements and collectivistic societies emphasizing group harmony and cooperation.

💡Masculinity vs. Femininity

Masculinity and Femininity are cultural dimensions that reflect the distribution of emotional roles between genders in a society. The video mentions this concept to illustrate how some cultures may value traditionally masculine traits like competitiveness and assertiveness, while others may prioritize feminine qualities such as nurturing and cooperation.

💡Time Orientation

Time Orientation is a cultural dimension that measures how a society organizes time, either with a long-term or short-term focus. The video discusses this concept to highlight the differences in how societies approach planning and decision-making, which can impact the pace and strategy of international business operations.

Highlights

Introduction to the 9th lecture of the Management course discussing international management challenges due to globalization.

Discussion on the challenges faced by the management field because of globalization, including increased competition and the need for adaptation to a global environment.

Definition of 'global business' as transactions of goods and services across countries for profit.

Reasons for businesses going global include greater profit potential, a larger customer base, diverse suppliers, better access to capital, cheaper labor, and lower risk compared to domestic business.

Market entry strategies such as global sourcing, exporting, importing, licensing agreements, and franchising.

Investment strategies for entering global markets, including joint ventures, strategic alliances, and foreign subsidiaries.

Tips for choosing joint venture partners, emphasizing familiarity with the business, access to local resources, and financial viability.

The impact of the global business environment, including legal and political systems, trade agreements, and regional economic alliances.

Different types of global businesses, such as global corporations and multinational corporations, and their objectives for growth and profit.

Common complaints from host countries about multinational companies, including excessive profit-seeking and negative impacts on local economies.

Complaints from multinational companies about host countries, such as restrictive regulations and exploitative practices.

Issues in global business practices, including corruption, sweatshops, child labor, and sustainability concerns.

Cultural impact on global management, including definitions of culture, cultural shock, cultural intelligence, and ethnocentrism.

Stages of cultural adaptation, from confusion to full acceptance and adjustment to a new culture.

The use of silence, language, and non-verbal methods in communication across different cultures.

Concepts of low-context and high-context cultures, and their approaches to communication.

Time and space considerations in global business, including monochronic and polychronic cultures, and concepts of personal space.

Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, explaining national culture values such as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, and time orientation.

Examples of countries that adhere to these cultural values and dimensions.

Conclusion and farewell from the lecturer, Limardi, with a sign-off in Arabic.