Bagaimana Terorisme Berevolusi? #BeraniBertanya

Summary

The video explores the concept of terrorism, tracing its origins and evolution. It explains how terrorism began as a form of state violence during the French Revolution, before evolving through four distinct waves. These include anarchism in the 1880s, anti-colonial movements, left-wing extremism, and religiously motivated terrorism, which continues today. The video highlights notable historical events, such as the 9/11 attacks, and discusses the global impact of terrorism on politics and economies. It concludes by encouraging curiosity and the importance of asking questions to foster understanding.

Takeaways

• 😀 Terrorism goes beyond violent actions like bombings, hijackings, and shootings; it is an ideology aimed at instilling fear in society.
• 😀 The term 'terrorism' originates from the French language, initially used to describe violent government actions during the French Revolution in the late 18th century.
• 😀 Modern terrorism began in the late 19th century, around the time of World War I, and has since evolved into multiple waves with different ideologies and methods.
• 😀 The first wave of modern terrorism, starting in the 1880s, was rooted in anarchism, with notable events like the assassination of the Russian tsar by Narodnaya Volya.
• 😀 The second wave of terrorism, from the 1920s to the 1960s, was driven by anti-colonial movements seeking independence from colonial powers like Britain and France.
• 😀 During the second wave, insurgents began to call themselves 'freedom fighters' instead of terrorists, seeking legitimacy for their struggles.
• 😀 The third wave, emerging after the Vietnam War and the Palestine-Israel conflict, involved left-wing extremism and was characterized by hijackings and hostage-taking, such as the 1972 Munich Olympics hostage crisis.
• 😀 The fourth wave, which began in 1979 with the Iranian Revolution and Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, is rooted in religious ideologies and includes practices like assassinations, hostage-taking, and suicide bombings.
• 😀 The 9/11 attacks in 2001 were a key event in the religious terrorism wave, leading to significant global political and economic shifts.
• 😀 Anti-terrorism movements have been established worldwide in response to terrorist actions, promoting resistance to violence and extremism.

Q & A

What is the broader meaning of terrorism?

Terrorism is not just about acts of violence like bombings or shootings; it is an ideology that encourages individuals or groups to use violence to instill fear in society. The goal is to create widespread terror beyond just killing people.

What is the historical origin of the term 'terrorism'?

The term 'terrorism' originated from the French language during the late 18th century, referring to violent actions taken by the government during the French Revolution. The term was initially used to describe state-sanctioned violence, including the mass execution of perceived anti-government figures.

How did modern terrorism develop?

Modern terrorism began in the late 19th century, just before World War I. It evolved through different phases, each with distinct characteristics and objectives, such as anarchism, anti-colonialism, left-wing extremism, and religious terrorism.

What was the first wave of modern terrorism about?

The first wave of modern terrorism, beginning in the 1880s in Russia, was driven by anarchism. The most notable organization during this period was Narodnaya Volya, which successfully assassinated the Russian Tsar. This period is often referred to as 'The Golden Age of Assassination.'

What was the focus of the second wave of terrorism?

The second wave, starting in the 1920s and lasting until the 1960s, was largely driven by anti-colonial movements. Groups seeking independence from colonial powers, particularly Britain and France, started using violence and self-identifying as 'freedom fighters' rather than terrorists.

What characterizes the third wave of terrorism?

The third wave, beginning after the Vietnam War and the Israel-Palestinian conflict, was marked by left-wing extremism. This phase saw the rise of hijacking and hostage-taking as common tactics. A famous example is the 1972 Munich Olympics hostage crisis, orchestrated by the group Black September.

What is the fourth wave of terrorism, and how does it differ from previous waves?

The fourth wave, beginning in 1979, focuses on religious terrorism, particularly after the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This wave includes the use of suicide bombings, assassinations, and hijackings, with the September 11, 2001 attacks being one of its most prominent examples.

What were the consequences of the 9/11 attacks?

The 9/11 attacks had global repercussions, including major political and economic turmoil, particularly in the U.S. They sparked the global 'War on Terror,' leading to widespread anti-terrorism efforts and reshaping international security policies.

How has the perception of terrorists changed over time?

In earlier waves, those involved in terrorist activities often viewed themselves as freedom fighters or revolutionaries, especially in the context of anti-colonial struggles. However, in the later waves, particularly religious terrorism, the label 'terrorist' became more universally applied, with such groups often portraying their actions as divinely motivated.

What is the role of media and education in combating terrorism?

Education, like the one offered through platforms such as 'Kamu Harus Tahu!' with the hashtag #BeraniBertanya, plays a significant role in raising awareness, increasing curiosity, and providing critical information. Educating people about the history and evolution of terrorism helps create informed citizens who are better equipped to understand and combat terrorism.