Macam Macam Bentuk Sediaan Obat (BSO Padat, Semisolid, Cair) | Farmasi 101

Summary

This video explores the different types of drug dosage forms, focusing on their uses, characteristics, and the factors influencing their selection. It discusses how patient age, drug properties, and disease type affect the choice of dosage form. The video covers solid forms (e.g., tablets, capsules), semi-solid forms (e.g., gels, creams), and liquid forms (e.g., syrups, injections), explaining their specific applications and benefits. Viewers will learn about the practical aspects of drug administration, including various options for pediatric patients and those with specific medical conditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Drug forms are designed for convenience to improve patient adherence and therapeutic effectiveness.
• 😀 The choice of drug form depends on the patient's age, medical condition, and ability to ingest the medication.
• 😀 Different drug forms are categorized into solid, semi-solid, liquid, and gaseous forms, each serving different purposes.
• 😀 Solid forms include tablets, capsules, and powders, which are usually consumed orally and offer accurate dosing.
• 😀 Tablets come in various forms, including film-coated, enteric-coated, and extended-release types to control drug release.
• 😀 Capsules can be hard or soft and are typically used for drugs that need to be protected from the stomach or for oils and suspensions.
• 😀 Suppositories are used when oral intake is not possible, such as for patients who cannot swallow or for drugs sensitive to stomach acid.
• 😀 Semi-solid forms like gels, creams, and ointments are primarily used for topical treatments and have different water content.
• 😀 Liquid forms include syrups, elixirs, emulsions, and suspensions, used for oral or injectable administration, offering flexibility in patient care.
• 😀 Injectables, which are given through IV, IM, or SC routes, are essential for emergency situations and require sterile techniques.
• 😀 Topical forms such as eye drops, nasal drops, gargles, and enemas are used for localized treatments, providing targeted relief.

Q & A

What is the primary reason for having different forms of drug dosage?

The primary reason for having different forms of drug dosage is to increase patient convenience, which in turn improves medication adherence and the drug's effectiveness in therapeutic outcomes.

What are the three main factors that influence a doctor’s choice of drug dosage form?

The three main factors are: 1) the patient's condition, including age and ability to swallow, 2) the drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and 3) the disease's characteristics, including treatment goals and location of the condition.

How can the physical form of a drug impact its effectiveness?

The physical form of a drug can impact its absorption rate, ease of administration, and patient compliance. For example, solid forms like tablets are convenient but may take longer to absorb, while injections offer faster action but are less convenient.

What is the difference between a 'puyer' and a 'pulveres' in terms of drug powder forms?

'Puyer' is a bulk powder that is not divided into doses and is typically used for repeated doses, while 'pulveres' consists of powdered doses that are pre-packaged in individual packets for single-use.

What are the types of tablets mentioned in the script, and what are their key features?

The types of tablets mentioned include: 1) Sugar-coated tablets (sweet, but heavy due to added sugar), 2) Film-coated tablets (designed to dissolve easily in water), 3) Enteric-coated tablets (coated to withstand stomach acid), 4) Multiple tablets (contain several doses in one), and 5) Prolonged-release tablets (designed for controlled release over time).

What are the benefits of a soft capsule over a hard capsule?

Soft capsules have a gelatin and glycerol shell that is clear and more flexible, making them suitable for liquid or oil-based medications, like fish oil or vitamins, while hard capsules are used for powder-filled medications.

What are the uses of suppositories in drug administration?

Suppositories are used when oral administration is not possible, such as when a patient is unconscious, unable to swallow, or if the drug is destroyed by stomach acid. They dissolve at body temperature and release medication locally in areas like the anus, vagina, or urethra.

What are the different forms of semi-solid dosage forms, and how are they used?

Semi-solid dosage forms include gels, creams, ointments, and pastes. These are often used for topical application. Gels are water-based and quickly absorbed, creams contain more oil and offer better skin protection, ointments are thicker with less water content and are used for long-lasting effects, and pastes are dense and used for conditions that require absorption of exudates.

What is the difference between an emulsion and a suspension in liquid dosage forms?

An emulsion is a system where oil and water are mixed with the help of an emulsifier, typically used when the active ingredient is hydrophobic. A suspension, on the other hand, is a liquid containing solid particles that do not dissolve in the liquid, used for drugs that are not soluble in water.

Why is alcohol used in the preparation of elixirs, and when should they be avoided?

Alcohol is used in elixirs as a solvent for active ingredients that are difficult to dissolve in water. Elixirs are often used when the active ingredient is poorly soluble. However, they should be avoided in children or patients with liver issues, as alcohol can exacerbate liver damage and is contraindicated in these cases.