Uma visão panorâmica sobre avaliação | Conversas sobre Avaliação

Summary

This video explores the evolution of educational evaluation in Brazil, highlighting its shift from a tool for improvement to a mechanism for market control and privatization. The script discusses the neoliberal influence on education, emphasizing how evaluations like the SAEB, ENEM, and IDEB have been used to rank and control schools, ultimately benefiting the private sector. It traces these changes from the 1980s to the present, showing how evaluation systems transitioned from emancipatory to market-driven tools, culminating in their role in justifying privatization and minimizing state involvement in public education.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of education evaluation became prominent with the rise of neoliberal ideologies, where the state shifted from providing services to regulating and evaluating them.
• 😀 Neoliberalism frames education, along with other public services, as a commodity to be provided by the private sector rather than the state, focusing on performance and competition.
• 😀 Schools, under neoliberal policies, are held responsible for their performance, leading to a focus on numbers and metrics rather than the true meaning of education and learning.
• 😀 The idea of using evaluation as a tool for dialogue and diagnosis to improve education has been overshadowed by its use as a means of control and market-oriented competition.
• 😀 In Brazil, evaluation practices started gaining traction in the 1980s, with initiatives like self-evaluations by universities and the implementation of basic education assessments like SAEB (Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica).
• 😀 The introduction of standardized testing, such as the ENEM and PROVÃO exams, marked a shift towards using exams as tools for evaluating the quality of education and creating rankings for schools.
• 😀 The focus on performance and measurable outcomes, such as the introduction of the 'normal curve' for grading, reinforced the idea of competition and comparison among schools and students.
• 😀 The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso strengthened the neoliberal agenda, pushing for the privatization of public education and expanding the private sector's role in education.
• 😀 Under President Lula, there was a mix of neoliberal and welfare-state approaches to education, with an emphasis on social policies like Bolsa Família while continuing the use of evaluation as a tool for controlling and monitoring education systems.
• 😀 The PDE (Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação) during Lula's presidency introduced a system of monitoring schools and universities using metrics like IDEB (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica), which contributed to controlling the distance between state policies and educational outcomes.
• 😀 Evaluation systems, like the ENEM and SIGA, were expanded under Lula and Dilma to assess not only basic education but also higher education. However, these systems increasingly became tools of market-driven control and justification for privatization in the sector.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the script regarding education evaluation?

The script explores the evolution of education evaluation in Brazil, particularly how it shifted from an emancipatory tool in the 1980s to a mechanism for market control, monitoring, and justifying privatization of education, especially under neoliberal policies.

How did the neoliberal state affect education evaluation in Brazil?

In the neoliberal state, education evaluation became a tool for controlling and regulating educational policies, with a focus on performance and metrics. The state shifted from being directly involved in executing services to overseeing and evaluating them, with the private sector taking on the role of service delivery.

What was the role of the press in education evaluation in the 1980s?

In the 1980s, the press played a crucial role in discussing education evaluation, notably through the publication of lists like the 'improductive list' from USP. This fueled public discourse about the effectiveness of educational institutions and contributed to the increasing focus on performance metrics.

What are the key evaluations introduced in the 1990s under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's government?

The key evaluations in the 1990s included the SAEB (Basic Education Evaluation System), the ENEM (National High School Exam), and the Provão (a major exam for university graduates). These evaluations marked a shift towards a more market-driven, performance-based approach to education.

What is the 'curva normal' (normal curve) and how does it relate to education evaluation?

The 'curva normal' (normal curve) is a statistical principle used in education evaluations where the distribution of results is mapped, with the best-performing schools on the high end and the lowest-performing on the low end. This model treats schools like market products, ranking them based on performance rather than focusing on educational quality.

How did the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva handle education evaluation?

Lula's government blended neoliberal ideas with the vision of a welfare state. While reinforcing market control, Lula introduced policies like the PDE (Education Development Plan) and created indices like the IDEB (Basic Education Development Index) to monitor and control educational quality and outcomes.

What is the importance of the IDEB and how does it impact schools?

The IDEB is a key index used to evaluate and monitor the development of basic education in Brazil. Schools are assessed and ranked based on this index, which directly influences funding and support. Poor performance on the IDEB can result in fewer resources and less support for schools.

How did the education evaluation change under Dilma Rousseff's government?

Under Dilma Rousseff's government, education evaluation continued the neoliberal trend, but with a stronger emphasis on controlling private education expansion. The government maintained policies from the previous administration, reinforcing the role of market-driven evaluations and assessments.

What was the role of the ENEM during the Lula and Dilma governments?

The ENEM became a central tool in assessing high school students, serving as both a national exam and a selection tool for university admission. The exam's role expanded, with scores influencing policies like bonuses for well-performing schools and even affecting the funding of higher education institutions.

How did the education evaluation system evolve with the introduction of the SINAES under Lula's government?

The SINAES (National System of Higher Education Evaluation) was introduced with the goal of evaluating higher education institutions in Brazil. Initially, it aimed to be emancipatory, with self-assessments and institutional visits, but over time it became a tool for external control, ranking universities and influencing their market position.