Classicismo - Brasil Escola

Summary

In this literature class, Professor Mirele Costa introduces the concept of Classicism, tracing its roots back to Greco-Roman culture. The focus is on key elements like rationalism, individualism, and the pursuit of beauty. The class explores the works of iconic authors such as Shakespeare, with a particular focus on his tragedies, and Camões, especially his epic *Os Lusíadas*. The narrative delves into themes of heroism, expansion, and love, highlighting the key episodes of Vasco da Gama’s journey and the tragic story of Inês de Castro. The lesson ties together classical ideals and the literary contributions of these influential figures.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson focuses on the Classical period, highlighting its return to Greco-Roman culture.
• 😀 Classicism emphasizes individualism, hedonism, the pursuit of pleasure, and the importance of beauty.
• 😀 The Classical era places human beings at the center, marking the rise of anthropocentrism.
• 😀 The epic genre is central to Classicism, with references to Homer's 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'.
• 😀 'The Iliad' is associated with the Trojan War, and 'The Odyssey' represents Odysseus' difficult journey home to Ithaca.
• 😀 Classical heroes are strong, brave, and have supernatural characteristics, with a focus on collective values over individual glory.
• 😀 Shakespeare's tragedies, particularly 'Hamlet', represent Renaissance theatre with raw, visible suffering from the hero.
• 😀 Unlike Classical tragedies, Shakespeare's works expose the tragic experience rather than hiding it through a narrator.
• 😀 'Hamlet' explores themes of betrayal, conspiracy, power struggle, and the existential reflection on life and death.
• 😀 Camões, a key figure in the Classical period in Brazil, is known for 'Os Lusíadas', an epic about Vasco da Gama's voyage to India.
• 😀 'Os Lusíadas' contains important episodes such as the 'Velho do Restelo', symbolizing skepticism of exploration, and the death of Inês de Castro, showcasing the theme of love and tragedy.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the lecture on Classicism?

The main theme of the lecture is Classicism, specifically its return to Greek-Roman culture, emphasizing individualism, hedonism, the pursuit of beauty, and rationalism. The lecture also highlights important literary figures from the era, including Shakespeare and Camões.

What does the term 'Anthropocentrism' refer to in the context of Classicism?

Anthropocentrism refers to the idea that human beings should be the central focus of the universe. It signifies a shift from medieval theology, where the divine was central, to a worldview where humanity is placed at the center, reflecting a key aspect of Classicism.

Why are epic heroes such as those in the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' important in Classicism?

Epic heroes, like those in the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey,' are important in Classicism because they embody qualities like bravery, strength, and superhuman traits. They also represent collective values, with their actions often benefiting their people or society at large.

How does Shakespeare's portrayal of tragedy differ from classical tragedies?

Shakespeare's portrayal of tragedy is more direct, with the suffering of the hero being exposed on stage. Unlike classical tragedies, where the suffering was often narrated by a chorus or a messenger, Shakespeare allows the audience to experience the hero's tragic fate in real-time, enhancing the emotional impact.

What is the significance of the play 'Hamlet' in the context of Shakespeare's tragedies?

'Hamlet' is significant because it explores themes such as betrayal, conspiracy, power, and the personal struggle of the hero. The famous line, 'There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your philosophy,' underscores the philosophical depth and complexity of the play.

Who is Luís Vaz de Camões, and what is his contribution to Classicism?

Luís Vaz de Camões is a prominent figure in Portuguese Classicism, best known for his epic poem 'Os Lusíadas,' which recounts Vasco da Gama's journey to the Indies. His work is an important contribution to the cultural and literary heritage of the period.

What is the historical context behind 'Os Lusíadas' by Camões?

'Os Lusíadas' was written during the Age of Exploration, and it celebrates the Portuguese maritime expeditions. The poem focuses on Vasco da Gama's journey to the Indies, symbolizing the spirit of expansion and conquest during the period.

What is the symbolic meaning of the 'Old Man of Restelo' in 'Os Lusíadas'?

The 'Old Man of Restelo' symbolizes skepticism and caution about the dangers of exploration. His prophetic words predict failure for Vasco da Gama's journey, representing a voice of the past and caution, while Vasco da Gama represents the future and the drive for progress.

What is the significance of the death of Inês de Castro in Camões' work?

The death of Inês de Castro is a tragic and emotional episode in 'Os Lusíadas.' It represents the theme of forbidden love and the consequences of societal restrictions, with Inês becoming a queen only after her death. It also highlights the emotional and lyrical qualities in Camões' writing.

How does Classicism in Portugal differ from the literary movement in Brazil?

While Classicism was flourishing in Portugal during the 16th century, Brazil was experiencing the Quinhentismo period, which is characterized by the early colonial writings and the exploration of Brazil by the Portuguese. This historical difference highlights the cultural and literary distinctions between the two regions during this time.