PLAN CONTABLE- ELEMENTO 3: Activo Inmovilizado - CUENTA 30 y 31- TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA

Summary

The video provides an in-depth explanation of accounting principles related to investments, particularly in fixed and movable assets, such as shares and real estate properties. It covers the concept of investments with an emphasis on financial instruments like stocks, mutual funds, and real estate for rental income. The video explores various accounts like the 30 (investment mobiliaries), 31 (investment properties), and their subcategories, detailing how transactions are recorded in accounting, including purchases, sales, and gains. Examples are given, including the purchase of shares and properties for capital gains or rental income.

Takeaways

• 😀 Active or Fixed Assets (Activo Inmovilizado) refer to long-term assets used by a company to conduct operations and earn future benefits.
• 😀 The term 'Activo Fijo' has evolved into 'Activo Inmovilizado', expanding its scope to include a variety of assets beyond just fixed physical assets.
• 😀 Investments (Inversiones) include financial instruments like bonds, shares, and mutual funds, with the primary aim of generating returns and capital gains.
• 😀 Account 30 covers investments in financial instruments, including those that are held for returns or capital gains, such as shares (acciones) and bonds (instrumentos de deuda).
• 😀 Subaccount 31 includes investments that are held until maturity, like bonds and other financial instruments.
• 😀 Subaccount 32 involves ownership rights, such as the purchase or sale of shares in companies, contributing to the company's capital growth.
• 😀 Subaccount 33 pertains to participation in mutual funds regulated by financial authorities, providing opportunities for investment returns.
• 😀 Subaccount 34 covers investment agreements, while subaccount 38 is for immobilized investments like properties or securities held for long-term capital appreciation.
• 😀 When a company sells its investments, it records the sale under a revenue account, typically as a credit in the books.
• 😀 Investment properties (Propiedades de Inversión) like land or buildings purchased for leasing purposes are recorded under specific accounts like 3111 (land) or 312 (buildings).

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of the investments described in the script?

The primary purpose of the investments described is to generate returns, either in the form of interest, dividends, or capital gains. These investments could involve financial instruments like stocks, bonds, or real estate intended for rental or resale.

What is the difference between 'activo inmovilizado' and 'activo fijo'?

'Activo inmovilizado' (fixed assets) is the term currently used to describe long-term assets held by a company, such as land, buildings, and equipment. 'Activo fijo' was the previous term used for the same concept.

What is the significance of Account 30 in the plan contable?

Account 30 represents investments in financial instruments whose goal is to generate returns. These investments can include stocks, bonds, or mutual funds, and the account covers various subcategories depending on the type of investment.

How does Account 31 differ from Account 30 in the plan contable?

Account 31 is focused on 'propiedades de inversión' (investment properties), such as land and buildings acquired for the purpose of generating rental income or capital gain. Account 30, on the other hand, pertains to financial investments like stocks and bonds.

What types of investments are included in Account 31?

Account 31 includes investments in real estate, specifically land (31.1) and buildings (31.2), which are purchased to generate rental income or to appreciate in value for future resale.

What are the subcategories of Account 30, and what do they represent?

Account 30 has several subcategories: 31 for investments held to maturity (e.g., bonds), 32 for equity investments (e.g., stocks), 33 for joint venture investments, and 38 for real estate investments intended for sale or rental.

How is the purchase of shares recorded in the accounting system?

The purchase of shares is recorded under Account 30, specifically under subaccount 32 (equity investments), where the acquisition cost is logged. For example, purchasing 90 shares at $300 each would be recorded as an investment of $27,000.

What does the term 'instrumentos financieros' refer to in the script?

The term 'instrumentos financieros' refers to financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, and other securities that a company might invest in to generate income or returns on the capital invested.

What happens when a company sells an investment, such as shares or property?

When a company sells an investment, such as shares or property, the sale proceeds are recorded as income, and the investment account is reduced accordingly. For example, if land is sold, the corresponding revenue from the sale is recorded under Account 10 (bank), and the investment account (31 for property) is adjusted.

What is the accounting treatment when a company invests in a mutual fund?

When a company invests in a mutual fund, the investment is recorded under Account 30.21, which is specific to mutual funds. The cost of the investment is deducted from the bank account and recorded as an asset in the appropriate investment subaccount.