Konstitusi Inggris

Summary

The video discusses the constitutional differences between the UK and Indonesia, focusing on the structure of their governments. In the UK, the parliamentary system grants the monarch the power to approve laws passed by Parliament, while in Indonesia, both the government and the DPR (People's Representative Council) must jointly approve laws. The speaker highlights the importance of mutual approval in Indonesia’s legislative process, contrasting it with the UK’s system. The session concludes with an invitation for questions and further discussion on constitutional matters.

Takeaways

• 😀 The UK does not have a single written constitution, relying instead on conventions, legal practices, and historical documents.
• 😀 The UK follows a **constitutional monarchy** system, where the monarch plays a symbolic role, and executive power is held by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
• 😀 The UK constitution is not codified, unlike countries like Indonesia, where the constitution is written and formalized.
• 😀 The monarch's powers in the UK are largely ceremonial, with no influence on the creation or approval of laws passed by Parliament.
• 😀 Parliament in the UK is a supreme legislative body, consisting of the **House of Commons** (elected) and the **House of Lords** (appointed).
• 😀 The **House of Commons** holds the most significant power in UK Parliament, while the **House of Lords** mainly serves as a revising chamber.
• 😀 The Opposition party in the UK plays a critical role in scrutinizing the government's actions and offering an alternative government in case the current one fails.
• 😀 The UK constitution also governs fundamental rights, the rule of law, and individual freedoms, with the legal system upholding parliamentary sovereignty.
• 😀 The **Supreme Court** of the UK, established in 2009, serves as the final court of appeal, taking over the judicial role previously held by the **House of Lords**.
• 😀 The UK and Indonesia differ in their constitutional systems, with Indonesia having a **presidential system** where the President and legislature must agree on laws, in contrast to the UK's parliamentary system.

Q & A

What is the unique feature of the UK's constitution?

The UK's constitution is not a single written document. Instead, it is formed by conventions, legal traditions, and a combination of statutes, court decisions, and practices that have evolved over time.

How does the UK's constitutional monarchy differ from Indonesia's presidential system?

In the UK's constitutional monarchy, the monarch is a symbolic figurehead with limited power, whereas in Indonesia's presidential system, the president holds significant executive powers and the president is both the head of state and government.

What role does the British monarch play in government decisions?

The British monarch's role is largely ceremonial. The monarch provides royal assent to bills passed by Parliament but does not involve themselves in the actual policy-making or legislative processes.

How does the UK's Parliament differ from Indonesia's legislative body?

The UK's Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Commons, elected by the people, and the House of Lords, with appointed members. In contrast, Indonesia's legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly, is a unicameral system.

What is the significance of the principle of 'parliamentary sovereignty' in the UK?

Parliamentary sovereignty means that Parliament is the supreme legal authority in the UK, with the power to create or end any law. It ensures that no law or authority can override the decisions made by Parliament.

What distinguishes the role of the Prime Minister in the UK from the President in Indonesia?

In the UK, the Prime Minister, as the head of government, exercises executive power, but the monarch remains the head of state. In Indonesia, the President is both the head of state and government, with substantial control over both executive and legislative processes.

How is the UK's legal system different from Indonesia's legal system?

The UK's legal system is based on common law principles and varies slightly across its constituent countries, including England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. In contrast, Indonesia follows a civil law system, largely influenced by Dutch colonial law.

What is meant by the term 'shadow government' in the UK?

The 'shadow government' refers to the opposition party in the UK Parliament, which mirrors the roles of the governing party. If the ruling government fails or resigns, the shadow government is ready to take over and form a new administration.

What is the importance of the 'royal assent' process in the UK?

Royal assent is the formal approval by the monarch of bills passed by Parliament, enabling them to become law. While it is a ceremonial step, it underscores the monarchy's symbolic role in the legislative process.

How does the UK's Parliament handle the process of law-making?

In the UK, Parliament passes laws through debates and votes in both Houses (Commons and Lords). The process includes scrutiny, amendments, and approval by both Houses before being formally approved by the monarch for royal assent.