Peran Okupasi pada Intelectual Disability | Pelangi Center

Summary

This video, presented by Alex, an occupational therapist at Pelangi Sentral Ponorogo, explores intellectual disability. It explains the condition as a limitation in intellectual functioning, with an IQ below 70, and highlights its causes—genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. The video also covers common symptoms, such as delays in motor skills and speech, as well as difficulties in daily activities. Alex outlines the role of occupational therapy in supporting children with intellectual disabilities, focusing on enhancing sensorimotor, cognitive, social, and self-care skills to help children reach their potential and improve their quality of life.

Takeaways

• 😀 Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and difficulties in adaptive behavior, including social and daily life skills.
• 😀 Intellectual disability can be caused by various factors, including genetic issues, prenatal conditions, birth complications, and postnatal conditions such as meningitis.
• 😀 Genetic causes involve a deficiency in enzyme production from parents, leading to brain damage.
• 😀 Prenatal causes include metabolic disorders, brain malformations, maternal health issues, and environmental factors like alcohol or drug exposure.
• 😀 Premature birth increases the risk of intellectual disability.
• 😀 Postnatal causes include brain infections like meningitis during a child's development.
• 😀 Key signs of intellectual disability include delays in motor skills, speech, self-care tasks (such as eating, bathing, dressing), cognitive difficulties, problem-solving issues, and lack of initiative in activities and social interactions.
• 😀 Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in helping children with intellectual disabilities, focusing on improving sensorimotor skills like posture, muscle strength, balance, and fine and gross motor coordination.
• 😀 Cognitive therapy aims to enhance attention, concentration, and comprehension of instructions.
• 😀 Intrapersonal and interpersonal therapy builds self-confidence and social interaction skills.
• 😀 Occupational therapy also focuses on self-care training to promote independence in daily activities and encourages engagement in play, hobbies, and leisure activities.

Q & A

What is intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability is a disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which includes difficulties in social interaction and daily activities. It is typically defined by an IQ below 70.

What are some common causes of intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability can be caused by several factors, including genetic conditions, prenatal factors like metabolic disorders, maternal health issues, and environmental influences such as alcohol and drug use. It can also be caused by prematurity or postnatal factors like meningitis.

What is the role of genetics in causing intellectual disability?

Genetic factors can play a role in intellectual disability if a child inherits genes from parents that result in deficiencies in enzyme production, leading to brain damage.

How does prenatal care impact the risk of intellectual disability?

Prenatal factors such as maternal diseases, malformations of the brain, and exposure to harmful substances like alcohol or drugs can increase the risk of intellectual disability in a child.

What are the main developmental delays observed in children with intellectual disability?

Children with intellectual disability may exhibit delays in motor skills, speech development, and difficulties in performing daily activities like eating, bathing, and dressing. They may also experience cognitive delays, problems with problem-solving, and lack initiative in engaging with others.

What role does occupational therapy play in supporting children with intellectual disability?

Occupational therapy helps children with intellectual disability by enhancing their sensorimotor skills, improving cognitive functions like attention and concentration, fostering interpersonal skills, promoting independence in daily activities, encouraging productive play, and helping them explore their leisure interests.

What are the key components of sensorimotor optimization in occupational therapy?

Sensorimotor optimization in occupational therapy includes improving posture control, muscle strength, balance, fine motor skills, coordination, and visual abilities.

Why is it important to develop cognitive skills in children with intellectual disability?

Developing cognitive skills is crucial as it helps children with intellectual disability improve their attention, concentration, and understanding of instructions, which are essential for effective learning and daily functioning.

How can occupational therapy help with social interaction in children with intellectual disability?

Occupational therapy can enhance interpersonal skills by boosting self-confidence, which encourages children with intellectual disability to engage more effectively with others.

What is the significance of teaching self-care skills to children with intellectual disability?

Teaching self-care skills promotes independence in children with intellectual disability, helping them perform essential daily activities such as eating, bathing, and dressing, which improves their quality of life and personal autonomy.