Tip BM KSSM|Teknik Menukar Bahasa Melayu Klasik kepada Bahasa Melayu Standard(Turn on Malay caption)

Summary

This video provides an in-depth guide on converting classical Malay (Melayu Klasik) into standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu Standard). It highlights six key features of classical Malay, such as repeated phrases, Sanskrit influence, and formal word choices. The video then walks through ten practical techniques for translating texts, including understanding the meaning, maintaining the original structure, and replacing old terms with modern equivalents. Various examples demonstrate the step-by-step process, making the content accessible for those looking to improve their Malay language skills, particularly for SPM preparation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Classical Malay language contains elements from Sanskrit and was used by the Malay community before the arrival of Islam in the archipelago.
• 😀 There are six distinct characteristics of classical Malay, including repetition of words, use of formal structures, and the inclusion of royal language.
• 😀 Classical Malay often uses redundant and complex sentence structures, with words and phrases repeated for emphasis.
• 😀 Many classical Malay texts incorporate royal and formal language, often using words like 'dipersembahkan' (presented) to show respect or honor.
• 😀 Classical Malay is rich in poetic and metaphorical expressions, such as 'Ratna Mutu Manikam' (precious gems) to symbolize beauty and prestige.
• 😀 The language also includes specific word particles, like 'Hatta' (then) and 'Arakian' (therefore), which are not commonly used in modern Malay.
• 😀 There are ten techniques to convert classical Malay to standard Malay, such as reading the text carefully and understanding its overall meaning.
• 😀 Words and expressions from royal or traditional contexts (e.g., 'Baginda' for king) should be preserved in the conversion to maintain authenticity.
• 😀 The script explains the importance of translating classical texts word by word, ensuring that the essence of the text is kept intact.
• 😀 The process involves transforming metaphors, older vocabulary, and formal structures into simpler and more accessible forms while maintaining the original meaning.

Q & A

What is classical Malay language?

Classical Malay is a form of the Malay language influenced by Sanskrit, used by the Malay community after the arrival of Islam in the Nusantara region. It includes elements like poetic expressions, and older vocabulary and phrases.

What are the key characteristics of classical Malay language?

The six key characteristics of classical Malay language are: 1) Repetition and variation in structure, 2) Use of figurative language (e.g., 'dipersembahkan'), 3) Complex sentence structures, 4) Use of archaic words (e.g., 'Ratna Mutu Manikam'), 5) Frequent use of sentence starters (e.g., 'Hatta', 'Arakian'), and 6) Frequent use of particles like 'pun' and 'lah'.

What is the first technique for converting classical Malay to modern Malay?

The first technique is to read and understand the classical Malay passage thoroughly to grasp its meaning before translating it into standard Malay.

Why are old terms like 'Hatta' and 'Syahdan' no longer used in modern Malay?

'Hatta' and 'Syahdan' are archaic expressions that were commonly used in classical Malay but are no longer relevant in contemporary Malay usage, as the language has evolved over time.

What is the role of vocabulary from royal or palace language in translating classical Malay?

When translating classical Malay, vocabulary derived from royal or palace language should be minimized or adapted, such as terms like 'mencemooh', 'dunia santap', and 'mangkat'. These words are no longer in common use in modern Malay.

How should the structure of classical Malay sentences be handled when translating?

When translating classical Malay, the structure should be retained as much as possible, but simplified to fit modern sentence patterns. For example, long and complex sentence constructions may need to be broken down into shorter, clearer statements.

What is the significance of 'kata pangkal' in classical Malay, and how should it be translated?

'Kata pangkal' (sentence starters) like 'Hatta', 'Arakian', and 'Syahdan' are characteristic of classical Malay. In modern Malay, these can be replaced by simpler connectors like 'kemudian' or 'lalu'.

How does the use of particles like 'pun' and 'lah' impact the translation process?

Particles like 'pun' and 'lah' are often used in classical Malay to emphasize certain actions or statements. These particles should be carefully included in modern Malay translations to maintain the tone and meaning, though sometimes they may be omitted for clarity.

How should the vocabulary of classical Malay be adapted for modern Malay while preserving meaning?

To maintain the meaning of classical Malay while making it accessible in modern Malay, it is important to replace obsolete terms with their modern equivalents without changing the core idea of the sentence.

What is the role of historical context in translating classical Malay texts?

Understanding the historical context is crucial when translating classical Malay texts, as certain terms, expressions, and sentence structures reflect the culture and time period in which they were used. This context helps ensure the translation is accurate and culturally relevant.