Sejarah Internet di Dunia

Summary

This video outlines the fascinating history of the internet, starting with its origins in the ARPANET project initiated by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s. Initially designed for military communication, ARPANET expanded into academic and research institutions, eventually leading to the creation of the global internet. Key developments include the introduction of TCP/IP protocols, the establishment of the Domain Name System (DNS), and the commercialization of online media in the 1990s. The internet's evolution from a military tool to a global communication network is traced, highlighting major milestones and technological breakthroughs.

Takeaways

• 😀 ARPANET, the precursor to the internet, was initially created by the U.S. Department of Defense for military purposes to ensure secure communication in case of attacks or disruptions.
• 😀 In 1969, ARPANET connected only four sites: Stanford Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, University of Utah, and UCLA, marking the beginning of the internet.
• 😀 ARPANET's growth led to the creation of separate networks: ARPANET for civilian use and MILNET for military use, to manage the increased demand and keep the networks efficient.
• 😀 The transition from ARPANET to the internet occurred under DARPA, with the network evolving from a military tool to a global, interconnected system.
• 😀 In 1965, Ted Nelson introduced the concept of hypertext, a critical development that laid the groundwork for the modern internet.
• 😀 The International Network Working Group (INWG) was formed in 1972 to standardize internet protocols, a crucial step in making the internet accessible to all users.
• 😀 Vincent Cerf and Bob Kahn's development of TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s was a key milestone in ensuring reliable and scalable communication on the internet.
• 😀 By the mid-1980s, the proliferation of personal computers made the internet accessible to more users, contributing to its rapid growth.
• 😀 The introduction of the Domain Name System (DNS) in 1986 made it easier for users to access websites by replacing numerical IP addresses with readable domain names.
• 😀 The 1990s saw the commercialization of the internet, with the launch of online newspapers and services, marking the internet's transformation into a global communication platform.

Q & A

What was the original purpose of ARPANET?

ARPANET was originally developed for military purposes by the United States Department of Defense to create a robust computer network that could withstand nuclear attacks and provide decentralized communication during crises.

What were the initial sites connected by ARPANET in 1969?

The initial sites connected by ARPANET in 1969 were Stanford Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of Utah, and the University of California at Los Angeles.

Why was ARPANET divided into two networks?

ARPANET was divided into two networks, ARPANET and MILNET, to separate military and non-military uses, with ARPANET serving external, non-military institutions, and MILNET handling internal military communications.

When did ARPANET officially announce its existence?

ARPANET was officially announced in October 1972.

What significant event occurred in 1957 that influenced the development of ARPANET and the internet?

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, which spurred the United States to enhance its technological capabilities, including in the fields of space exploration and computer science.

Who is considered the 'father of the internet'?

Vincent Cerf and Bob Kahn are considered the 'fathers of the internet' for their detailed specification of TCP/IP, a fundamental technology behind the internet's development.

What does TCP/IP stand for, and why is it important for the internet?

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP stands for Internet Protocol. These protocols are critical because they form the foundation of data transmission over the internet, allowing computers to communicate effectively.

What year did ARPANET reach 111 connected computers?

By 1977, ARPANET had 111 computers connected to the network.

What role did the Domain Name System (DNS) play in the internet's evolution?

Introduced in 1986, the Domain Name System (DNS) was essential for simplifying the use of the internet by allowing users to access websites using readable domain names rather than numerical IP addresses.

What major development occurred in the early 1990s regarding the internet?

In the early 1990s, the first online newspaper in the United States was published, marking a significant step in the global spread and use of the internet for communication and information sharing.