SEJARAH GURINDAM 12 - Puisi Melayu Terkenal dari KEPRI

Summary

This video explores the significance of 'Gurindam 12,' an ancient Malay poem written by Raja Ali Haji, a national hero from the Riau Islands. The work, composed in 1847, consists of 12 verses containing moral and religious guidance rooted in Islam. 'Gurindam 12' emphasizes values like piety, social responsibility, and proper conduct in life. It also discusses the role of language in conveying these teachings and the correct usage of melodies in presenting the verses. The poem remains a vital piece of Malay literature, promoting both cultural heritage and Islamic wisdom.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gurindam 12 is a classical Malay literary work written by Raja Ali Haji, a national hero from the Riau Islands, Indonesia.
• 😀 The work consists of 12 verses, each offering advice and guidance on moral, religious, and social matters.
• 😀 Gurindam 12 follows a two-line stanza structure, typically with a consistent rhyme scheme of *a-a-a-a*.
• 😀 The content of Gurindam 12 emphasizes Islamic teachings, including the four aspects of Sufism: syariat (law), tarekat (path), hakikat (truth), and makrifat (knowledge).
• 😀 The verses in Gurindam 12 address the duties of individuals in society, including the roles of parents, children, and the broader community.
• 😀 Raja Ali Haji wrote Gurindam 12 based on his personal experiences and knowledge, aiming to spread Islamic teachings and moral values.
• 😀 The work is recognized for its ability to stand alone as a complete expression of its themes, without needing additional context.
• 😀 Gurindam 12 is considered a significant contribution to Malay literature and has high educational, religious, social, and artistic value.
• 😀 The work includes musical elements, with different melodies and rhythms traditionally used when reciting the verses.
• 😀 There is some debate over the specific musical rhythm that should be used, but it is important to maintain proper intonation and melody to convey the intended meaning.
• 😀 Gurindam 12 has had a lasting impact on Malay culture and serves as a source of inspiration for creative works and moral reflection.

Q & A

What is *Gurindam 12* and who is its author?

*Gurindam 12* is a classic Malay poem written by Raja Ali Haji, a renowned literary figure and national hero from Pulau Penyengat, Riau. It consists of twelve verses (or 'pasals') offering moral and religious guidance, and it was completed in 1847.

What does the word 'gurindam' mean?

The word 'gurindam' comes from the Tamil language, where 'girim' means 'useful,' referring to the poem's purpose of imparting valuable lessons.

How is *Gurindam 12* different from a *pantun*?

*Gurindam 12* differs from a *pantun* in its structure. A *pantun* consists of four lines with an ABAB rhyme scheme, while a *gurindam* has two lines with an AA rhyme scheme, making it a simpler and more direct form of poetry.

What are the key themes of *Gurindam 12*?

The main themes of *Gurindam 12* include religious guidance, social conduct, morality, duties of individuals (such as children and parents), and the importance of virtuous behavior in society.

When and where was *Gurindam 12* written?

*Gurindam 12* was written on Pulau Penyengat in 1847, when Raja Ali Haji was 38 years old. It was published in 1854 in Batavia (now Jakarta), with a Dutch translation.

What role did *Gurindam 12* play in the spread of Islam?

*Gurindam 12* served as a tool for Raja Ali Haji to promote Islamic teachings and values. The verses address moral and ethical principles aligned with Islamic faith, thus functioning as a form of religious instruction.

What are the four elements discussed in *Gurindam 12* related to Sufism?

The four elements discussed in *Gurindam 12* are the 'Syariat' (the religious law), 'Tarekat' (the spiritual path), 'Hakikat' (the truth), and 'Makrifat' (the knowledge of God). These concepts are foundational in Sufism.

What makes *Gurindam 12* a significant work in Malay literature?

*Gurindam 12* is significant because it is one of the most important literary works in the Malay tradition, blending moral, spiritual, and practical guidance. It influenced both the Malay language and the cultural identity of the region.

How is the poetic structure of *Gurindam 12* different from other Malay poems?

Unlike many other forms of Malay poetry, *Gurindam 12* has a distinctive structure where each verse consists of two lines with an AA rhyme scheme, which makes it concise and impactful, focusing on direct advice and teachings.

What does Raja Ali Haji say about the proper use of rhythm in *Gurindam 12*?

Raja Ali Haji explains that although *Gurindam 12* is often accompanied by a specific rhythm, the choice of rhythm is flexible. The key is maintaining a proper intonation and adherence to the general rules of melody rather than strictly following one prescribed tune.