Blood group test procedure | slide | tube | microtiter plate | paper based |

Summary

This video explains various methods for determining blood types, including the slide, tube, gel card, microplate, and lateral flow techniques. Each method involves detecting agglutination reactions between red blood cells and corresponding antibodies. The slide method offers a quick, visual test, while the tube and gel card methods are more detailed and allow for precise antigen and antibody identification. The microplate method automates detection, and the lateral flow method provides fast results, ideal for emergencies. These methods are crucial for accurate and timely blood grouping in both routine and urgent medical situations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The RH blood grouping system is based on the agglutination reaction, where red blood cells carrying antigens interact with corresponding antibodies to form visible clumps.
• 😀 The slide method involves piercing the fingertip, placing blood drops on a slide, adding anti-serum, mixing, and observing agglutination within 30 seconds.
• 😀 Anti-D serum takes slightly longer to agglutinate compared to anti-A and anti-B serum during blood group testing.
• 😀 The slide method results are visually represented by different agglutination patterns for blood groups such as A positive, O negative, and B negative.
• 😀 The tube method uses EDTA whole blood, normal saline for washing, and a suspension of cells to test for blood group by adding anti-serum to the tubes.
• 😀 The reverse grouping identifies the antibodies in the patient's plasma by adding pooled A and B cells and observing agglutination.
• 😀 After forward and reverse grouping procedures, the blood group can be identified based on the observed agglutination results.
• 😀 The gel card method involves adding blood and serum to the gel card wells, followed by centrifugation and observation for agglutination, which reveals the blood group.
• 😀 In the microtiter plate method, automated systems detect serum antibodies and RBC surface antigens after centrifuging and incubating the samples in microplates.
• 😀 The paper-based lateral flow method is a newer, rapid testing technique that provides results in 30 seconds, useful in emergencies or point-of-care testing.

Q & A

What is the basis of the RH blood grouping system?

The RH blood grouping system is based on the agglutination reaction. When red blood cells carrying antigens are exposed to corresponding antibodies, they interact to form visible clumping or agglutination.

What is the procedure for the slide method of blood grouping?

In the slide method, a fingertip is pierced with a sterile lancet, and drops of blood are placed on a slide. Anti-serum drops (anti-A, anti-B, anti-D) are added to each blood sample. The blood and serum are mixed with a fresh mixing stick, and the agglutination is observed within 30 seconds.

What does the presence of agglutination in anti-A and anti-D sera indicate?

The presence of agglutination in anti-A and anti-D sera indicates that the blood group is A positive (A+).

How is the tube method different from the slide method?

The tube method involves using a test tube to mix patient blood with anti-sera (anti-A, anti-B, anti-D) and observe agglutination. It also includes reverse grouping, where pooled A and B cells are mixed with the patient’s plasma to detect antibodies.

What is forward grouping in the tube method?

Forward grouping involves adding anti-sera (anti-A, anti-B, anti-D) to the patient's blood in test tubes to detect the antigens present on the red blood cells.

What is reverse grouping in the tube method?

Reverse grouping involves adding pooled A and B positive red blood cells to the patient’s plasma to identify antibodies present in the plasma.

What does agglutination in the anti-A and anti-D sera and B cells in reverse grouping indicate?

Agglutination in the anti-A and anti-D sera and B cells in reverse grouping indicates that the blood group is A positive.

What is the gel card method for blood grouping?

The gel card method involves adding patient blood and serum to a gel card containing wells for anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D sera. The blood is centrifuged, and agglutination is observed to determine the blood group.

How does the microtiter plate method work?

The microtiter plate method uses an automated platform to detect serum antibodies and RBC surface antigens. The reactants are incubated and centrifuged in microplates, and the blood type is determined through automated analysis.

What is the lateral flow method in blood grouping?

The lateral flow method is a paper-based technique used for rapid blood grouping. It gives results in 30 seconds and is commonly used in emergency situations, wartime, or point-of-care testing.