Lompat Jauh : Sejarah, Peraturan, dan Tehnik Dasar Lompat Jauh

Summary

The long jump, originating from ancient Greece, has evolved from a military training exercise to a competitive sport in the Olympics. The event requires athletes to master techniques such as approach, take-off, flight, and landing while adhering to strict rules like not crossing the take-off line. Women's participation was introduced in 1948 after recommendations for standardizing the event. Athletes compete with a limited number of attempts to achieve the longest jump, and techniques like maintaining balance in mid-air and precise landing are crucial for success.

Takeaways

• 😀 Long jump is a track and field event where athletes aim to jump as far as possible.
• 😀 The history of long jump dates back to ancient Greece in 708 BC, where it was part of the Olympic Games as a military training exercise.
• 😀 In ancient times, athletes jumped while holding halteres (stone or lead weights) to enhance their distance.
• 😀 Modern long jump became part of the Olympics in 1896, initially only for men, with women joining in 1948 after recommendations for gender equality in sports.
• 😀 The long jump field consists of a running track for approach and a sand pit for landing, with precise measurements for each element.
• 😀 Key rules in long jump include not crossing the takeoff board line and ensuring the jump is completed within a minute after entering the track.
• 😀 A jump is measured from the takeoff line to the first point of landing, and any violation of the rules, such as stepping over the line, makes the jump invalid.
• 😀 Athletes generally get three attempts to jump, but in major competitions like the Olympics, they get six tries, with three attempts to qualify for the final.
• 😀 Long jump requires good technique in four phases: the approach, the takeoff, the flight, and the landing.
• 😀 Some of the basic techniques include controlling speed during the run-up, executing a powerful takeoff, maintaining body balance during flight, and landing correctly to avoid penalties.
• 😀 There are different styles for the flying phase, such as the squat style, hanging style, and walking-in-the-air style, depending on the athlete's preference.

Q & A

What is the origin of the long jump as a sport?

The long jump dates back to ancient Greece, around 708 BCE, during the ancient Olympic Games. It was part of military training, aimed at improving soldiers' agility and ability to overcome obstacles like ditches or pits.

How did the ancient long jump differ from the modern version?

In ancient times, athletes performed the long jump while carrying weights called 'halteres' (made of stone or lead), which helped increase the jump distance. These weights were thrown behind the jumper during the leap.

When did women start competing in the long jump at the Olympics?

Women began competing in the long jump at the Olympics in 1948, after recommendations in 1914 to standardize the running approach for female athletes. This allowed women to compete in Olympic long jump events starting in the London Olympics.

What are the key components of a long jump track?

A long jump track consists of two main parts: a runway for the approach and a sandpit for landing. The runway should be at least 40 meters long, and the sandpit should be 9 meters long and between 2.75 to 3 meters wide.

What are the rules regarding the takeoff board in the long jump?

Athletes must take off from a marked takeoff board, which is 5 cm thick and 20 cm wide. The takeoff foot should not cross the board’s edge, or the jump will be invalid. However, if the athlete does not step on the board, the jump is still considered valid.

How many attempts does an athlete typically have in a long jump competition?

In most long jump competitions, athletes have three attempts. In major competitions like the Olympics or World Championships, athletes are given six attempts, with three used to qualify and three more in the final.

What happens if an athlete steps beyond the takeoff line in a long jump?

If an athlete steps over the takeoff line, the jump is considered invalid. The distance is not measured, and the jump does not count as one of their valid attempts.

What is the method used to measure a long jump?

The distance of the long jump is measured from the edge of the takeoff line to the point where the athlete’s body first touches the sandpit. The measurement is taken from the closest point of impact.

What are the basic techniques involved in performing a successful long jump?

The basic techniques include: (1) a proper approach or sprint towards the takeoff board, (2) a strong and controlled takeoff from the board, (3) maintaining body control and balance while airborne, and (4) executing a safe and efficient landing in the sandpit.

What are the different styles that can be used during the airborne phase of a long jump?

During the airborne phase, athletes can use different styles, including the crouch style, the hang style, or the walking-in-the-air style. Each athlete may prefer a specific style based on their body mechanics and training.