Konsep Dasar Penelitian Kualitatif

Summary

In this lecture, the speaker explains the fundamentals of qualitative research, emphasizing its distinction from quantitative research. Key points include the importance of empirical, rational, and objective approaches. The speaker provides practical examples, such as how daily activities reflect research practices. They discuss how qualitative research involves direct interaction with the environment, gathering data through words, and the necessity for patience and persistence. The process requires close observation, interviews, and careful documentation. The speaker encourages students to engage with qualitative research by reading relevant materials and applying these concepts to their academic work.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research is a concept we frequently encounter in daily life, often in informal settings, even without recognizing it as such.
• 😀 Everyday examples like buying a car or processing office documents reflect common practices of research, like observation and analysis.
• 😀 Academic research, especially in the context of assignments and theses, differs from casual, everyday inquiry due to its structured, scientific approach.
• 😀 Scientific research requires a clear and specific problem formulation based on well-founded arguments, unlike casual, everyday decision-making.
• 😀 Academic research must be supported by valid references, which are often extensive, unlike non-scientific methods that may not rely on verified data.
• 😀 The process of academic research involves systematic data collection, analysis, and validation, unlike informal, everyday inquiries where this structure is often absent.
• 😀 One key feature of scientific research is the requirement for testable conclusions, which can be verified by others, unlike informal conclusions drawn from personal experiences.
• 😀 Scientific research should adhere to the principles of being empirical (observable by everyone), rational, and objective, with a clear, logical basis.
• 😀 Empirical research focuses on phenomena that can be observed and measured by anyone, such as common human experiences, avoiding metaphysical or subjective concepts.
• 😀 Qualitative research requires patience, as it involves immersive, long-term engagement with the subject to capture the true essence of the phenomena being studied.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the presentation?

The main focus of the presentation is to explain the basic concepts of qualitative research, its characteristics, and how it differs from quantitative research.

How does the speaker describe research in daily life?

The speaker explains that research is often a part of daily life, even if unconsciously practiced. Examples include a buyer inspecting a vehicle before purchase or an office employee analyzing incoming letters.

What are the key differences between everyday research and academic research?

In everyday research, the process is informal, with general problem formulation and no formal data collection. In contrast, academic research follows a structured, scientific process with clear problem definition, data collection, and analysis.

What is the importance of clearly defining the research problem in academic research?

In academic research, the problem must be clearly defined and specific, based on preliminary studies and data, such as from references or fieldwork. This is essential for creating a valid research question and hypothesis.

What are the steps involved in the research process?

The steps include defining the problem, collecting relevant data, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions. These steps require thorough planning, data collection, and objective analysis.

What makes qualitative research unique compared to quantitative research?

Qualitative research is focused on understanding phenomena through words and in-depth observation, with the researcher themselves as the instrument. In contrast, quantitative research relies on numerical data and statistical analysis.

What are the four main criteria for research to be considered scientific?

The four main criteria are: empiricism (based on observable and accessible phenomena), rationality (logical and consistent reasoning), objectivity (unbiased and based on evidence), and the ability to be tested or verified.

Why is patience and persistence important in qualitative research?

Qualitative research often involves slow, intensive interaction with participants, requiring time and patience to build trust, gather data, and fully understand the meaning behind the observations.

How does the speaker explain the concept of 'naturalness' in qualitative research?

Naturalness refers to observing and recording real-world phenomena without artificial manipulation, ensuring that the data collected represents the actual situation as it naturally occurs.

Why is the researcher considered the primary instrument in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, the researcher is directly involved in the data collection, analysis, and interpretation process. They observe, interact, and gather data firsthand, making their personal involvement essential for understanding the subject matter.