CARA NEGO DENGAN BUYER - APA ITU INCOTERMS? DEFINISI FOB FCA DPP CIF DAP DALAM EKSPOR IMPOR

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of Incoterms, which are international trade terms used to define the responsibilities of exporters and importers. The speaker breaks down each Incoterm, such as EXW, FOB, CIF, and DDP, explaining the obligations for both parties and how these terms affect shipping, risk, and costs. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding Incoterms to avoid misunderstandings in global trade, helping both exporters and importers navigate logistics, customs, and pricing. It's a valuable resource for anyone looking to learn about the complexities of international trade contracts.

Takeaways

• 😀 IncoTerms (International Commercial Terms) are global rules created by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to define responsibilities in international trade agreements.
• 😀 IncoTerms help exporters and importers avoid misunderstandings by clarifying the division of responsibilities, such as shipping, costs, and risk transfer.
• 😀 The most common IncoTerms include EXW (Ex Works), FOB (Free On Board), CFR (Cost and Freight), CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), and DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).
• 😀 EXW means the seller's responsibility ends when the goods are made available for pickup at their premises, leaving the buyer responsible for all shipping and risks.
• 😀 FOB means the seller’s responsibility ends once the goods are loaded onto the shipping vessel, and the buyer takes on the costs and risks from that point onward.
• 😀 CFR involves the seller covering the cost and freight to the destination port, but the buyer assumes responsibility after the goods are loaded on the ship.
• 😀 CIF is similar to CFR, but the seller also includes insurance in the shipping cost, covering potential risks until the goods reach the destination port.
• 😀 DDP means the seller assumes full responsibility, including delivery to the buyer’s location, customs duties, taxes, and all associated risks.
• 😀 Incoterms are updated every 10 years, with the most recent version being Incoterms 2020, which outlines the responsibilities and cost-sharing between seller and buyer.
• 😀 The choice of IncoTerms can significantly affect pricing and negotiations, especially when dealing with unfamiliar international markets or during trade exhibitions.
• 😀 Smaller importers often prefer DDP because it simplifies the process by having the seller handle all aspects of shipping and customs procedures.

Q & A

What are Incoterms and why are they important in international trade?

Incoterms, or International Commercial Terms, are standardized rules created by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) that define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in global trade. They are essential for ensuring clarity in contracts, especially regarding shipping, risks, and costs, preventing misunderstandings between exporters and importers.

What does the term 'ExW' (Ex-Works) mean in Incoterms?

'ExW' means that the seller makes the goods available at their premises or another agreed-upon location. The buyer is responsible for all transportation costs, risks, and handling of export and import formalities once the goods are made available.

How does 'FOB' (Free On Board) work in international trade?

'FOB' means that the seller delivers the goods to the ship and handles the export formalities. Once the goods are on board the vessel, the buyer assumes responsibility for all risks and costs, including the freight and import procedures.

What is the difference between 'CFR' (Cost and Freight) and 'CIF' (Cost, Insurance, and Freight)?

'CFR' involves the seller paying for the transportation cost to the destination port, but the buyer takes on the risk once the goods are loaded onto the vessel. In contrast, 'CIF' includes the seller covering both the transportation costs and insurance during the journey, with the buyer taking responsibility once the goods arrive at the destination port.

What does the term 'DDP' (Delivery Duty Paid) imply in an export contract?

'DDP' means that the seller takes full responsibility for delivering the goods to the buyer’s premises, including all transportation, import duties, taxes, and other costs. The buyer’s responsibility begins only when the goods are delivered to the agreed location.

Why is understanding Incoterms important for exporters and importers?

Understanding Incoterms is crucial because they define the responsibilities of both parties in a trade agreement, such as who bears the shipping costs, who handles customs duties, and who assumes the risks during transportation. This helps avoid confusion and ensures smooth transactions in international trade.

Which Incoterms are most commonly used in international trade?

The most commonly used Incoterms include ExW, FOB, CFR, CIF, and DDP. These terms are widely recognized and offer clear definitions of the responsibilities between buyers and sellers.

How do Incoterms affect the price of goods in international trade?

Incoterms influence the price of goods because they determine who will bear the cost of shipping, insurance, and customs fees. For example, an ExW price will typically be lower since the buyer takes on most of the costs and risks, whereas a CIF or DDP price includes more responsibilities for the seller and may result in a higher price.

What is the significance of 'DPU' (Delivery at Place Unloaded) in the latest Incoterms update?

'DPU' (introduced in Incoterms 2020) refers to the seller’s responsibility for delivering the goods to a specified terminal or unloading location. The buyer takes on responsibility for costs and risks after the goods are unloaded. It was previously known as 'DAT' (Delivery at Terminal).

What role does insurance play in Incoterms like CIF or CIP?

In Incoterms like CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) and CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To), the seller is responsible for providing insurance to cover potential risks during transport. This ensures that the goods are protected against damage or loss while in transit, offering security for both the buyer and seller.