Observasi dalam Penelitian Kualitatif

Summary

In this video, the speaker provides a comprehensive explanation of observational data collection in qualitative research, focusing on different types and techniques of observation. The script discusses the role of the observer, ethical considerations, and different methods of observation, such as participant and non-participant observation. It highlights how observations can be used to complement interviews and the importance of accurately capturing real-world behavior. The speaker also details observational forms, such as descriptive notes, checklists, and timelines, and emphasizes the need to tailor the observational approach to specific research goals, providing practical guidance for students and researchers.

Takeaways

• 😀 Observation is a key data collection method in qualitative research, allowing researchers to observe behaviors and actions of participants in real-time.
• 😀 Researchers can use observation alongside interviews or as a standalone method to collect authentic data that may not be captured through other means.
• 😀 There are two main types of observation: participant observation (researcher is involved in the activities) and non-participant observation (researcher observes without involvement).
• 😀 Full participant observation involves the researcher becoming a part of the group they are studying, such as living within a community like the Baduy tribe to understand their daily life.
• 😀 Partial participant observation means the researcher is partially involved but also maintains the role of an observer.
• 😀 Non-participant observation involves the researcher observing from an external position without any direct involvement with the participants or activities.
• 😀 Ethical considerations are important in observation, including whether participants are aware they are being observed or not.
• 😀 In some cases, participants (like teachers) might be informed of the observation, but others (like students) may not be aware to preserve the authenticity of the environment.
• 😀 The duration of observation can vary. A single observation might be a short session, while multiple observations span over longer periods (weeks or months).
• 😀 The focus of observation can either be narrow (observing a single element or behavior) or broad (observing a range of behaviors or activities in a holistic manner).
• 😀 Researchers can use different observation tools such as descriptive notes, checklists, performance checklists, and time-stamping to record their observations efficiently.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The main focus of the video script is to explain the process of using observation as a data collection method in qualitative research. It outlines different types of observations, ethical considerations, and practical applications of observational research.

What are the two main types of observational research discussed in the script?

The two main types of observational research discussed are participant observation and non-participant observation. In participant observation, the researcher actively engages in the environment being studied, while in non-participant observation, the researcher observes without direct involvement.

What is the purpose of observation in qualitative research?

The purpose of observation in qualitative research is to gather data that provides a real-time, authentic view of participant behavior or actions. This helps the researcher collect data that cannot always be obtained through interviews, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic.

How does the observer’s involvement affect the observation process?

The observer’s involvement can range from full participation, where the researcher is fully immersed in the environment, to non-participation, where the researcher observes from the outside. The level of involvement influences the authenticity of the data and the researcher’s perspective during the observation.

What is the ethical concern when conducting an observation in qualitative research?

An ethical concern when conducting an observation is ensuring transparency and fairness to participants. Researchers must decide whether to inform participants of the observation, partially inform them, or keep the observation confidential in order to maintain the authenticity of the observed behavior.

What are the different levels of observer visibility to participants?

The different levels of observer visibility to participants include: 1) full awareness, where participants know they are being observed; 2) partial awareness, where only some participants are informed; and 3) complete unawareness, where participants do not know they are being observed.

What is the difference between narrow and broad focus in observation?

A narrow focus in observation refers to studying a single, specific element or behavior, while a broad focus examines multiple elements or provides a holistic view of the environment. The choice depends on the research goals and the depth of understanding required.

What are some common forms used to record observation data?

Some common forms used to record observation data include descriptive notes (free-form descriptions of events), tally sheets or checklists (marking specific behaviors or indicators), performance checklists (focusing on specific behaviors), and time-motion logs (tracking activities and their duration).

What factors should a researcher consider when choosing an observation method?

A researcher should consider the research objectives, the type of data needed, the context of the study, and ethical considerations when choosing an observation method. The method should align with the research goals and be appropriate for the environment or population being studied.

How does the duration of an observation influence the data collected?

The duration of an observation affects the depth and scope of the data collected. Short-duration observations may capture only brief moments, while long-term or multiple observations can provide more comprehensive insights into participant behavior and contextual factors.