DASAR - DASAR PENGETAHUAN DALAM METODE PENELITIAN DAN PENULISAN HUKUM (MPPH PERT.1)

Summary

This video lecture by Diana Zaini focuses on the importance of research methodology and writing in law. It emphasizes the significance of human curiosity and reasoning in acquiring knowledge. The lecturer explains how humans differ from animals in their ability to reason and think critically, forming the foundation for scientific inquiry. The lecture also covers two main types of knowledge: empirical knowledge and divine revelation. Additionally, it discusses logical reasoning methods, such as inductive and deductive reasoning, and their application in law and research methodology.

Takeaways

• 😀 The course 'Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Hukum' (Research Methods and Legal Writing) is a mandatory subject worth 3 credits, designed to help students prepare their thesis proposals.
• 😀 Human beings possess an extraordinary sense of curiosity and reasoning abilities, distinguishing them from animals, which only have knowledge for survival.
• 😀 Humans have the ability to develop knowledge through reasoning and language, which allows them to communicate and elaborate on complex ideas.
• 😀 Knowledge can be gained through personal experience, perception, intuition, and reasoning, but for academic purposes, it should be based on logical and analytical thinking.
• 😀 Intuition and feeling-based knowledge are not considered reliable for academic purposes as they lack logical and analytical reasoning.
• 😀 There are two types of knowledge: knowledge acquired through human effort (empirical or rational knowledge) and knowledge revealed by God (divine knowledge).
• 😀 Divine knowledge, or 'Wahyu,' is not subject to further research or questioning as it is universally accepted as absolute truth in many religious traditions.
• 😀 In legal research, the logical process is crucial. Truth should be based on reasoning that adheres to established logical principles, which is known as 'logika' (logic).
• 😀 Deductive reasoning, starting with a general principle and narrowing down to specific conclusions, is highly emphasized in legal research to ensure consistency and precision.
• 😀 Inductive reasoning, which generalizes from specific observations to broader conclusions, is less suitable for legal research compared to deductive reasoning.
• 😀 The deductive reasoning process helps establish a logical, consistent framework for legal systems and aids in controlling the validity of moral teachings and legal rules.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of the course 'Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Hukum'?

The primary goal of the course is to equip students with the skills necessary to write a scientific paper (thesis) in the field of law, specifically to prepare them to develop and submit a thesis proposal.

Why is human knowledge different from animal knowledge according to the lecture?

Human knowledge is distinguished by the ability to reason and think logically, while animal knowledge is limited to basic survival instincts, such as identifying food or avoiding predators. Humans develop knowledge through curiosity, reasoning, and language.

What role does language play in human knowledge acquisition?

Language plays a crucial role in human knowledge acquisition as it allows humans to communicate complex ideas and share information, which is essential for the development and transfer of knowledge.

What are the two key abilities humans have that enable them to develop knowledge?

Humans have two key abilities: the ability to use language to communicate information and the ability to think logically, known as 'daya nalar' or reasoning, which allows them to develop and expand knowledge.

How is 'wahyu' (revelation) different from empirical knowledge?

'Wahyu' (revelation) is knowledge granted by God through angels to prophets, and it is considered absolute and unquestionable. In contrast, empirical knowledge is based on human observation, experience, and logical reasoning.

What are the two primary schools of thought about acquiring knowledge discussed in the lecture?

The two primary schools of thought discussed are rationalism, which emphasizes knowledge derived from reason and logic, and empiricism, which focuses on knowledge gained through sensory experience and observation.

Why is deductive reasoning emphasized in legal research?

Deductive reasoning is emphasized in legal research because it starts with general propositions or laws and applies them to specific cases. This ensures logical consistency and helps develop well-founded conclusions based on established legal principles.

How does inductive reasoning differ from deductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning draws general conclusions from specific observations or facts, whereas deductive reasoning starts with general principles and applies them to specific cases. In legal research, deductive reasoning is preferred for its consistency and logical accuracy.

Can you provide an example of inductive reasoning mentioned in the lecture?

An example of inductive reasoning is observing that different animals, such as goats, cats, and tigers, have eyes, and from this observation, concluding that all animals must have eyes.

What is the significance of logical reasoning in research, especially in law?

Logical reasoning is essential in research, particularly in law, because it ensures that conclusions are drawn based on sound reasoning and valid evidence. It helps maintain the integrity of legal systems by ensuring that laws are applied consistently and accurately.