LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Te Lo Explico

6 Feb 202013:33

Summary

TLDRIn this educational video, the host explores the concept of social sciences, dividing them into four main groups: those related to social interaction, cognitive human systems, societal evolution, and applied social sciences. The discussion covers disciplines such as anthropology, history, law, economics, psychology, linguistics, archaeology, demography, and ecology, highlighting their unique contributions to understanding human society, culture, and behavior. The host also touches on applied social sciences like administration, pedagogy, urbanism, and international relations, emphasizing their practical applications in improving societal structures and human interactions.

Takeaways

📚 Social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the origin and development of society, including different societies around the world and throughout history.
🌍 Social sciences examine the origin and development of institutions, relationships, and ideas that shape societies.
🔍 Social sciences cannot propose universal laws like natural sciences due to the complexity and variability of human societies.
👥 Social sciences are divided into four groups: those related to social interaction, the human cognitive system, the evolution of societies, and applied social sciences.
🔄 Social interaction-related social sciences include anthropology, history, law, economics, ethnography, ethnology, and sociology.
🧠 Human cognitive system-related social sciences include psychology and linguistics.
📜 Social sciences related to the evolution of societies include archaeology, demography, history, and human ecology.
🏛️ Applied social sciences include administration, library science, pedagogy, urban planning, international relations, and accounting.
👤 Anthropology studies humans in their entirety, including physical and cultural aspects.
📚 History studies past events and their impact on the present.
⚖️ Law examines legal systems and their variations across different societies.
💰 Economics studies the management and exchange of resources to meet human needs.
📊 Demography analyzes human populations in terms of size, structure, evolution, and general characteristics.
🏙️ Urban planning aims to improve city life by studying and organizing urban systems.
🌐 International relations study foreign affairs and interactions between countries, including diplomacy and conflict resolution.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the 'Ciencias Sociales' discussed in the video?
-The main focus of 'Ciencias Sociales' is a set of academic disciplines that study the origin and development of society, its institutions, relationships, and ideas, as well as the manifestations of human beings within society, both materially and symbolically.
Why can't social sciences postulate universal laws like natural sciences?
-Social sciences cannot postulate universal laws because they deal with societies and individuals, which are more complex and less generalizable than the phenomena studied in natural sciences.
How many groups are social sciences divided into according to the video?
-Social sciences are divided into four groups: those related to social interaction, those related to the human cognitive system, those related to the evolution of societies, and applied social sciences.
What does anthropology aim to study in the context of social sciences?
-Anthropology aims to study the human being in its entirety, including both physical form and culture, and how humans have evolved physically and culturally over time.
What is the role of history in the study of social sciences?
-History studies past events and facts related to humanity, their consequences in the present, and the relationship between the present and the past.
How does the study of law differ in social sciences compared to natural sciences?
-The study of law in social sciences differs as it examines the legal elements and systems within each society, which vary and are not governed by universal laws as in natural sciences.
What is the primary objective of economics in social sciences?
-The primary objective of economics is to study the management of available resources to satisfy human needs, including the exchange of goods and the forms of exchange.
What does ethnography aim to observe and record in the context of social sciences?
-Ethnography aims to observe and record cultural practices, social behaviors, and decisions of different human groups, often related to and considered a branch of anthropology.
What is the main focus of psychology within the human cognitive system group of social sciences?
-Psychology focuses on studying human psychological phenomena, including perception, memory, intelligence, thinking, motivation, learning, sexuality, and general behavior.
How does linguistics contribute to the understanding of human cognitive systems in social sciences?
-Linguistics contributes by studying the structure of natural languages and the knowledge speakers possess of them, including the origins, evolution, and understanding of languages.
What is the role of applied social sciences in society?
-Applied social sciences not only study and analyze but also apply the knowledge gained to achieve specific objectives, such as improving organizational management, education, urban planning, international relations, and business accounting.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Social Sciences

This paragraph introduces the concept of social sciences as a set of academic disciplines that study the origin and development of society and its institutions, relationships, and ideas. It highlights that social sciences cannot postulate universal laws like natural sciences due to the complexity and variability of human societies. The paragraph outlines the structure of the video, which includes an overview of social sciences, their categorization into four groups, and a detailed discussion on each group.

05:02

🤝 Social Sciences Related to Social Interaction

The second paragraph delves into the first group of social sciences, which are related to social interaction. It discusses the study of relationships formed between individuals and how these relationships form networks of various types. The paragraph mentions anthropology, which studies human beings in their entirety, including physical and cultural aspects; history, which examines past events and their impact on the present; law, which studies the legal systems of societies; and economics, which focuses on the management of resources to meet human needs. It also includes etnografía (ethnography), etnología (ethnology), and sociology, which study cultural practices, social behaviors, and collective phenomena within human societies.

10:05

🧠 Social Sciences Related to Human Cognitive System

This paragraph focuses on the second group of social sciences, which are related to the human cognitive system. It covers psychology, which studies mental phenomena and psychological functions such as perception, memory, intelligence, and motivation; and linguistics, which examines the structure of natural languages and the knowledge speakers have of them. The paragraph explains how these sciences study the individual human being rather than their relationships in a collective context.

🌱 Evolution of Societies in Social Sciences

The fourth paragraph discusses the third group of social sciences, which are related to the evolution of societies. It includes archaeology, which studies societies through their material remains, such as artifacts and settlements; demography, which quantitatively analyzes human populations, their size, structure, and evolution; and human ecology, which examines the relationships between humans and their ecosystems. The paragraph also reiterates the role of history in understanding societal evolution.

🏛 Applied Social Sciences

The final paragraph addresses the fourth and last group of social sciences, which are applied sciences. It describes the practical application of knowledge in various fields such as administration, which involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources within organizations; bibliotecology, which deals with the organization and management of libraries and information; pedagogy, focusing on education and teaching; urbanism, which aims to study and improve urban systems; international relations, examining diplomatic affairs and interactions between countries; and accounting, which measures and analyzes the financial assets of businesses to facilitate decision-making.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Social Sciences

Social Sciences refer to the academic disciplines that study the origin and development of society and its institutions, relationships, and ideas. In the video, it is explained as a set of disciplines that analyze different aspects of social groups and human beings, including their material and symbolic manifestations. The script discusses how social sciences cannot postulate universal laws like natural sciences due to the complexity of human societies and behaviors.

💡Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of human beings in their totality, including both physical and cultural aspects. The script mentions anthropology as a social science that looks at humans from the past to the present, focusing on their evolution in terms of both physical and cultural development.

💡History

History is the study of past events and facts related to humanity, from its origins to the present. The video script emphasizes that history is not just about events but also their consequences and the relationship between the past and the present, which is crucial for understanding the evolution of societies.

💡Law

Law, as a social science, studies the elements of legal systems within social organizations. The script points out that laws vary from society to society, highlighting the absence of universal laws in social sciences, unlike in natural sciences.

💡Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the management of resources to meet human needs. The script explains that economics deals with the exchange of goods and the forms of such exchanges, which is fundamental to understanding social interactions and societal development.

💡Ethnography

Ethnography is the observation and recording of cultural practices, social behaviors, and decisions of different human groups. The video script relates ethnography closely to anthropology, as it studies and compares different peoples and cultures, both ancient and current.

💡Sociology

Sociology is the study of collective phenomena produced by the social activity of human beings within their context. The script uses sociology to discuss large movements such as philosophical and artistic movements, which are all related to how groups of people interact and influence societal development.

💡Psychology

Psychology is the study of mental phenomena, including human functions like perception, memory, intelligence, and motivation. The video script describes psychology as focusing on the individual rather than on groups or masses, examining how humans process information and emotions.

💡Linguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of the structure of languages and the knowledge that speakers have of them. The script explains that linguistics looks at the evolution of languages, their roots, and the extent of our understanding and use of language.

💡Archaeology

Archaeology is the study of societies through their material remains, such as artifacts, architecture, and landscapes. The video script mentions archaeology as a way to understand past societies, including their art, burial practices, and settlements.

💡Demography

Demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, structure, evolution, and general characteristics from a quantitative perspective. The script explains that demography provides statistics on various aspects of populations, such as language speakers, literacy rates, and access to services like health and education.

💡Human Ecology

Human Ecology studies the relationships and connections between humans and the ecosystems they inhabit. The script briefly touches on this concept, indicating that it examines how societies interact with and are influenced by their natural environments.

💡Applied Social Sciences

Applied Social Sciences are disciplines that not only study and analyze but also apply knowledge to achieve practical goals. The video script lists several fields under this category, such as administration, which involves planning and managing resources within organizations, and pedagogy, which focuses on the educational process.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of social sciences as academic disciplines studying the origin and development of society and its institutions.

Explanation of social sciences' inability to postulate universal laws unlike natural sciences due to the complexity of human societies and individuals.

Division of social sciences into four groups based on their focus areas: interaction, cognitive systems, societal evolution, and applied social sciences.

Anthropology's role in studying human beings in their entirety, including physical and cultural aspects.

History's focus on past events and their consequences or relationships with the present.

The study of legal elements and the variability of laws across different societies by the field of law.

Economics' examination of resource management and the satisfaction of human needs through exchange of goods.

Ethnography's objective to observe and record cultural practices and social behaviors of different human groups.

Sociology's exploration of collective phenomena produced by human social activity within their context.

Psychology's study of human psychological phenomena such as perception, memory, intelligence, and motivation.

Linguistics' focus on the structure of natural languages and the knowledge speakers have of them.

Archaeology's investigation of societies through their material remains, including art and settlements.

Demography's quantitative study of human populations, their size, structure, evolution, and general characteristics.

Human ecology's examination of the relationships and connections between humans and the ecosystems they inhabit.

Applied social sciences' practical application of knowledge for achieving specific goals, beyond mere study or statistics.

Administration's role in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources within organizations.

Bibliothecology's focus on the organization and administration of libraries and information systems.

Pedagogy's application of psychosocial and psychological sciences to education and teaching practices.

Urbanism's study and ordering of urban systems, with an application focus on improving city living conditions.

International relations' examination of foreign affairs and the dynamics between countries, including diplomacy.

Accounting's analysis of a company's assets to facilitate decision-making and business control.