SEJARAH KERAJAAN KEDIRI : DARI SILSILAH KERAJAAN SAMPAI ASPEK KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT‼️😮 (Kelompok 7)

Summary

The script provides a comprehensive history of the Kediri Kingdom, covering key rulers, their reigns, and significant events. It traces the kingdom's origins from 1045 CE, highlighting rulers like Sri Samarawijaya, Sri Jayabaya, and Kertajaya, alongside their contributions to the kingdom’s growth and eventual decline. Key aspects of the kingdom's political, economic, and social life are explored, including its agricultural base, flourishing trade, and religious practices. The script also delves into the cultural legacy, such as its literature and architectural monuments like Candi Penataran. The kingdom’s rise and fall form a rich historical narrative of power struggles, achievements, and eventual collapse under external pressures.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Kediri was established in 1045 AD, with the first ruler being Sri Samarawijaya, who ruled starting from 1042 AD.
• 😀 Sri Samarawijaya was a prominent figure in the Kingdom of Kediri but his reign is often considered a period of darkness due to the lack of historical records.
• 😀 Sri Jayawarsa ruled from 114 AD and was known for his deep love for his people, contributing to their welfare and maintaining peace in the kingdom.
• 😀 King Bamiswara succeeded Sri Jayawarsa and his reign was marked by a strong religious focus, highlighting the kingdom's stable governance.
• 😀 King Jayabaya ruled from 1135 AD to 1157 AD, and under his leadership, Kediri reached its peak, defeating the rival Jenggala kingdom and dominating the region.
• 😀 King Sri Sarweswara (1161 AD) was a deeply religious and culturally significant ruler, following principles of Hinduism and emphasizing culture and spirituality.
• 😀 King Aryaswara ruled in 1171 AD, with minimal historical records remaining about his reign, followed by King Srigandra in 1181 AD.
• 😀 King Kameswara (1181 AD) saw the rise of literary and artistic achievements, including the creation of the Smaradana book by Mpu A.
• 😀 The final ruler of Kediri, King Kertajaya, ruled from 1194 to 1222 AD. His reign saw the downfall of the kingdom due to attacks from the Singhasari Kingdom.
• 😀 Kediri's rich historical records include significant inscriptions and temples, such as the Sirah Keting, Ngantang, Kamulan, and Jaring inscriptions, along with temples like Candi Penataran and Candi Gura, which reveal the kingdom's religious and cultural life.

Q & A

What is the historical background of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The Kingdom of Kediri, located in East Java, existed from 1042 to 1222 CE. It was established after the division of the Medang Kingdom, with the area of Kediri ruled by Samarawijaya and Jenggala governed by Panji Garasakan.

Who was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The first ruler of the Kingdom of Kediri was Sri Samarawijaya, who began his reign in 1042 CE. His rule is considered to have marked a period known as the 'dark age' due to a lack of evidence from inscriptions.

What significant event happened during the reign of Jayabaya?

During the reign of Sri Jayabaya (1135-1157 CE), the Kingdom of Kediri reached its peak, with the kingdom defeating Jenggala and consolidating power. Jayabaya also implemented strategies to promote welfare and prosperity.

What was the role of the Prasasti (inscriptions) in the history of Kediri?

Prasasti (inscriptions) were vital historical sources for understanding the Kingdom of Kediri. They documented royal decrees, land grants, and the relationship between the king and the people, with notable examples like the Prasasti Sirah Keting and Prasasti Ngantang.

What were the major architectural remnants of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The major architectural remnants of the Kingdom of Kediri include several temples such as Candi Penataran, Candi Gura, and Candi Mirigambar. These sites reflect the kingdom's religious and cultural significance.

What does the Prasasti Ngantang commemorate?

The Prasasti Ngantang, found in Malang, commemorates the land grant given by King Jayabaya to the people of Ngantang, who were freed from taxes as a reward for their loyalty to the kingdom.

How did the economy of the Kingdom of Kediri thrive?

The economy of the Kingdom of Kediri was primarily based on agriculture, especially rice cultivation around the Brantas River. It was also an important trading hub, dealing in spices and goods with India, the Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea.

How did the social structure of the Kingdom of Kediri operate?

The social structure of the Kingdom of Kediri was divided into three main groups: the royal circle, including the king and close relatives; the agricultural society, consisting of government officials and landowners; and the common people who had no direct ties to the administration.

What role did religion play in the Kingdom of Kediri?

Religion played a central role in the Kingdom of Kediri, with the majority of the population practicing Hinduism, particularly the worship of Lord Shiva. Temples and sculptures such as those found in Candi Gura are evidence of the kingdom's religious devotion.

What caused the decline of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The decline of the Kingdom of Kediri is attributed to the misrule of King Kertajaya, whose policies alienated the Brahmins and weakened the kingdom. This eventually led to the kingdom's fall due to an invasion by the Kingdom of Tumapel (Singasari) in 1222 CE.