JENIS METODE PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF

Summary

In this video, the speaker explains various types of quantitative research methods, focusing on both experimental and non-experimental approaches. He clarifies the difference between descriptive, comparative, correlational, survey research, and secondary data analysis, emphasizing key distinctions such as the use of open-ended vs. closed-ended questions, correlation vs. causation, and the proper application of research designs. The video offers a clear guide for students and researchers to understand and apply these methods effectively in their academic work.

Takeaways

• 😀 Quantitative research is not just a method but a choice of approach or design. It's important to specify the methodology, including techniques for data collection and the instruments used.
• 😀 Quantitative research is divided into experimental and non-experimental types. Non-experimental research is more common and doesn't involve intervention.
• 😀 Descriptive research is the simplest form of quantitative research, often used to collect data in the form of statistics, such as average salaries or employment rates.
• 😀 Comparative or comparative research compares data between different groups or categories, like comparing salaries between public and private school teachers.
• 😀 Correlational research examines the relationship between variables. It is often used in theses and dissertations to analyze how variables influence one another.
• 😀 Survey research is a popular method in both academic and practical studies, but not every use of a questionnaire is considered a survey.
• 😀 Surveys often involve structured questions with predefined answer options, and the answers are typically converted into numerical values.
• 😀 Descriptive research offers more open-ended responses, allowing a broader range of answers, while surveys usually feature closed-ended questions.
• 😀 There is often confusion between correlation and causality. 'Correlation' refers to the relationship between variables, while 'causality' focuses on the influence of one variable on another.
• 😀 Factor analysis is used to understand the influence of one variable on another, measured by the coefficient of determination, unlike correlation which uses a correlation coefficient.

Q & A

What is the difference between describing research as 'quantitative' and identifying its approach more accurately?

Describing research as 'quantitative' alone is not fully accurate. It is better to specify the research approach, such as 'quantitative approach' or 'quantitative design,' and then clarify the specific method used, such as descriptive, experimental, or correlational methods.

What are the two main categories of quantitative research methods mentioned in the transcript?

The two main categories of quantitative research methods are experimental and non-experimental. The experimental category includes subcategories like quasi-experimental and true experimental, while the non-experimental category includes descriptive, comparative, correlational, and survey research.

What is the simplest form of quantitative research method discussed in the script?

The simplest form of quantitative research is descriptive research, which is used to collect numerical data about a particular phenomenon, like average salaries or student enrollment trends, without manipulating any variables.

How does descriptive research differ from comparative research?

Descriptive research focuses on collecting data to describe a phenomenon, while comparative research involves comparing two or more groups to identify differences, such as comparing salaries in different types of schools.

What is the primary goal of correlational research?

The primary goal of correlational research is to explore the relationship between two or more variables to see if there is any association, but it does not imply causation between them.

How does a survey research method differ from descriptive research?

Survey research often uses closed-ended questions with limited answer choices, such as Likert scales, whereas descriptive research uses more open-ended questions that allow for a wider variety of responses.

What does the term 'ex post facto research' refer to, and how is it different from correlation research?

Ex post facto research refers to studies that analyze the effects of a variable (X) on an outcome (Y), usually after the event has occurred. Unlike correlational research, which looks at relationships between variables, ex post facto research specifically examines causal effects, often based on observations rather than controlled experiments.

What is the difference between using a questionnaire in a survey and using one in descriptive research?

In survey research, questionnaires usually contain closed-ended questions with predefined answer options, while in descriptive research, the questions tend to be more open-ended, allowing respondents to provide a wider range of responses.

How is secondary data analysis different from primary data collection?

Secondary data analysis involves analyzing data that has already been collected, often from existing sources like government reports or school databases, while primary data collection involves gathering new data directly from participants or subjects.

What is the significance of understanding the difference between correlation and causation in research?

Understanding the difference is crucial because while correlation shows a relationship between variables, it does not imply one causes the other. Mistaking correlation for causation can lead to incorrect conclusions in research findings.