Metodologia Científica - Aula 1

FACUVALE

3 Sept 202116:42

Summary

TLDRProfessor Alex, a biologist with a master's degree in animal biology and extensive experience in education, introduces a crucial lesson on scientific methodology. He emphasizes the importance of having a textbook or guide handy for formatting academic work, covering aspects like margin size, font size, spacing, and presentation of titles, tables, and graphs. The class is divided into two parts: the first discusses scientific methodology and its application in various academic works, while the second focuses on the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), which is essential for presenting scientific work. Professor Alex explains that scientific methodology involves observing phenomena, formulating hypotheses, predicting outcomes, conducting experiments, and publishing results. He distinguishes between methods and methodologies, with the former being a set of abstract principles guiding action and the latter being a set of procedures used to ensure the legitimacy of scientific findings. The lecture also touches on epistemology, the study of science itself, and the need for historical and cultural understanding in scientific research. Lastly, Professor Alex stresses the importance of learning scientific methodology over ABNT standards, as the former is fundamental to the structured and thoughtful production of knowledge.

Takeaways

📚 The scientific method is crucial for structuring academic work and involves creating hypotheses, making predictions, conducting experiments, and analyzing results.
🌐 Professor Alex emphasizes the importance of having the ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) guidelines readily accessible for formatting academic papers.
📈 The process of science is not always linear; it involves observation, questioning, hypothesis creation, and repeated experimentation to validate or refute hypotheses.
🔍 The scientific method begins with observation of a phenomenon, followed by the formation of hypotheses to explain it, and then the design of experiments to test these hypotheses.
📝 When writing scientific work, it's important to consult the guidelines provided in the syllabus, which cover aspects like margin size, font size, spacing, and how to present tables and graphs.
📉 Negative results, where hypotheses are not confirmed by experiments, are also valuable as they contribute to the body of scientific knowledge and can lead to new hypotheses.
🔬 The term 'methodology' originates from Greek, with 'meta' meaning 'in direction of' and 'logos' meaning 'discourse', indicating a discourse on the path one should take to do science.
🧐 Epistemology is introduced as the study of knowledge and how it is structured and systematized, which is fundamental to understanding the scientific process and the methods used.
📈 The scientific method is not just about conducting experiments; it also involves evaluating the methods used, identifying limitations, and considering the implications of their use.
📚 The lecture is divided into two parts: the first discusses the scientific method and its application in academic work, while the second focuses on the ABNT standards.
📝 Professor Alex suggests that students should always have their syllabus, or a digital equivalent, on hand to refer to when writing and editing their scientific work.

Q & A

What is the main focus of Professor Alex's lecture?
-The main focus of Professor Alex's lecture is on scientific methodology and its application in various types of academic work, including how to format academic work according to guidelines such as ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas).
Why is it important to have the syllabus during the lecture?
-It is important to have the syllabus during the lecture because it contains detailed instructions on formatting academic work, such as margin size, font size, spacing, and how to present tables and graphs, which are crucial for structuring scientific research papers.
What are the two main parts of the lecture?
-The two main parts of the lecture are: 1) discussing what scientific methodology is and how it is applied in different academic works, and 2) continuing the discussion on scientific methodology with a focus on the ABNT standards.
What is the role of observation in the scientific method?
-Observation plays a crucial role in the scientific method as it is the starting point for questioning phenomena, formulating hypotheses, and eventually designing experiments to test these hypotheses.
How does the scientific method relate to the concept of hypotheses?
-The scientific method involves creating hypotheses to explain observed phenomena. These hypotheses are then tested through experiments, and the results are used to confirm or refute the initial hypotheses, leading to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
What is the significance of publishing or presenting the results of scientific experiments?
-Publishing or presenting the results of scientific experiments is significant because it allows the scientific community to review, validate, and build upon the findings, contributing to the collective knowledge and advancing the field of study.
What is the difference between a method and methodology in the context of scientific research?
-A method refers to a series of abstract principles that regulate action, while a methodology is a set of procedures used to ensure the legitimacy of the concept obtained through research. Methodology is the path, and the method is the way to follow it.
Why is it essential to understand the historical dimension of scientific concepts?
-Understanding the historical dimension of scientific concepts is essential because it provides context on how scientific thought has evolved over time and how our current understanding is built upon past knowledge and discoveries.
How does the ABNT standard come into play in the presentation of scientific knowledge?
-The ABNT standard comes into play at the end of the knowledge construction process, regulating the format and presentation of scientific findings when they are shared with the academic community or society at large.
What is the role of epistemology in scientific research?
-Epistemology is the study of the nature and grounds of knowledge, especially with regard to its limits and validity. In scientific research, it helps in systematizing the study and structuring the methods and techniques specific to each science, providing a framework for understanding the process of scientific inquiry.
Why is it important to differentiate between natural sciences and human sciences when discussing scientific methodology?
-It is important to differentiate between natural sciences and human sciences because each field has its unique set of methods and techniques. The nature of inquiry and the types of evidence considered valid differ, thus requiring a tailored approach to scientific methodology.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Scientific Method and Academic Writing

Professor Alex begins by introducing himself and his academic background in biological sciences. He emphasizes the importance of the scientific method and academic writing, urging students to have their course materials readily accessible. The professor outlines the structure of the lecture, which will cover the scientific method, its application in various academic works, and the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) guidelines. He highlights the necessity of consulting the course materials for formatting academic work, including margins, font sizes, and presentation of tables and graphs.

05:01

🔍 The Process of Scientific Inquiry and Experimentation

The second paragraph delves into the process of scientific inquiry, starting with observation, questioning, and hypothesis formation. It discusses how experiments are designed to test these hypotheses and the importance of publishing results for the scientific community and academic institutions. The paragraph also touches on the iterative nature of science, where results may lead to new observations and hypotheses, and the significance of both confirming and disconfirming results. The etymology and meaning of the term 'methodology' are explored, highlighting its role in evaluating methods and presenting scientific findings to different audiences.

10:02

🧩 Distinction Between Method and Methodology

This paragraph distinguishes between 'method' and 'methodology.' A method is a set of abstract principles that regulate action, while methodology is a set of procedures used to achieve an objective. The paragraph explains that methodology is the path, and the method is the way to travel it. It also connects methodology with epistemology, which is the study of the nature and grounds of knowledge. The importance of understanding the historical context of scientific concepts and the dependence on the nature of the subject being studied is emphasized. Different scientific fields may require different methods, and the paragraph illustrates this with examples from natural and human sciences.

15:02

🌐 The Role of Scientific Methodology in Knowledge Construction

The final paragraph underscores the role of scientific methodology in the construction of knowledge. It discusses the importance of scientists and researchers in society and the structured, technical approach to producing knowledge. The paragraph highlights that scientific methodology is crucial for structuring how knowledge is produced and presented to society. It also mentions that while ABNT guidelines are essential for presenting knowledge at the end of the research process, understanding scientific methodology is more fundamental. The paragraph concludes by stressing that the scientific method is the foundation for explaining phenomena and constructing knowledge in society.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to investigating and understanding the natural world. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing results. In the video, the scientific method is discussed as a fundamental process for conducting scientific research, starting from the observation of a phenomenon to the formulation of hypotheses and the conduct of experiments to test these hypotheses.

💡Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experimentation. It serves as a starting point for building theories. In the video, the professor emphasizes the importance of creating hypotheses based on observed phenomena and then testing these through experiments to see if they hold true.

💡Experiment

An experiment is a controlled procedure carried out to validate or refute a hypothesis. It involves manipulating variables and observing the effects. The script discusses the creation of experiments and methods to test hypotheses about observed phenomena, highlighting the iterative nature of the scientific process where results may lead to new observations and hypotheses.

💡ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas)

ABNT refers to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. It sets guidelines for various technical aspects, including academic writing. The video mentions ABNT in the context of how scientific work should be formatted and presented, emphasizing its importance in the final stage of knowledge presentation to the scientific community or academic institutions.

💡

💡Research Project

A research project is a systematic endeavor that aims to answer a specific research question or solve a particular problem. The video discusses the structure of a research project, including its introduction, theme delimitation, problem statement, and objectives, which are crucial for guiding the research process and the final presentation of findings.

💡Methodology

Methodology in the context of the video refers to the systematic principles and procedures used in scientific research. It includes the evaluation of methods and the presentation of scientific results. The professor distinguishes between methodology and method, with methodology being the broader path or approach, and method being the specific procedures or techniques used within that approach.

💡Epistemology

Epistemology is the study of knowledge and how it is acquired, processed, and understood. It is mentioned in the video as being closely related to methodology, as it deals with the systematic organization of knowledge and understanding the thought processes behind scientific phenomena. Epistemological references provide the framework for understanding the evolution of scientific thought and practices.

💡Observation

Observation is the first step in the scientific method where researchers carefully watch or monitor phenomena to gather information. The video script highlights the importance of observation in generating hypotheses about natural phenomena, which are then tested through experiments.

💡Scientific Community

The scientific community refers to the collective body of scientists and researchers who engage in the creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge. The video discusses the importance of presenting research findings to the scientific community for peer review and validation, which is a critical aspect of the scientific process.

💡Technical Standards

Technical standards are established norms or requirements that guide the conduct of scientific research and the presentation of scientific work. In the context of the video, technical standards are important for ensuring that scientific work is conducted and communicated in a consistent and understandable manner.

💡Knowledge Construction

Knowledge construction is the process of building and organizing information to form a coherent understanding of a subject or phenomenon. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the scientific method as a way to structure and produce knowledge in a thoughtful and rigorous manner.

Highlights

Professor Alex is an expert in biological sciences with a master's degree in animal biology and extensive experience in both basic and higher education.

Today's lecture focuses on scientific methodology, considered one of the most important topics by Professor Alex.

Students are advised to have their course materials readily available for reference during the lecture.

The course materials cover essential topics for formatting academic work, including margins, font size, spacing, titles, tables, and graphs.

The lecture is divided into two main parts: discussing scientific methodology and its application in academic work, and addressing the ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards).

The first part of the course materials will be covered in-depth during the lecture, while a summary will be provided for the second part.

The lecture will cover key topics such as types of scientific work, research concepts, research project, introduction, topic delimitation, research problem, hypotheses, objectives, justification, methodological and technical choices, and research.

Scientific methodology can be summarized as a process of observation, questioning, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, and results.

The scientific method was developed by Galileo Galilei, who provided evidence that the Earth is round, contradicting the church's beliefs at the time.

In practice, the scientific process is more complex and iterative, with observations leading to new hypotheses and experiments.

Both confirming and disconfirming results are important in the scientific process, as they contribute to the understanding and refinement of hypotheses.

The term 'methodology' originates from the Greek words 'meta' (direction) and 'logos' (discourse), referring to a discourse on the path one should follow to do science.

Methodology involves evaluating methods and experiments, while a method is a set of abstract principles that guide action.

Methodology is a discipline that enables someone to assess methods, identify their limitations and implications, and present scientific results to different audiences.

Epistemology is closely related to methodology. It refers to the systematic study and structuring of knowledge, focusing on the description and analysis of methods, objectives, utility, and consequences.

Methodology is important for developing the ability to observe, select, and organize scientific facts, and for guiding the construction of knowledge.

Scientific knowledge is constructed based on methodology, with scientists and researchers playing a crucial role in building and shaping societal knowledge.

ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) norms come into play at the end of the knowledge construction process, regulating how scientific findings should be presented to society.

Transcripts

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E aí

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