MODERNISMO [3ª FASE] | ENEM | 5 pontos essenciais | Escolas Literárias

Summary

In this video, the narrator explains the third generation of Modernism in Brazil, focusing on its historical context, key characteristics, and notable authors. Beginning in 1945, this generation marked a less radical period compared to its predecessors, with authors returning to traditional poetic forms and using indirect, metaphorical social critique. Themes of fantasy and mysticism blended with realism, while a focus on regional issues with universal relevance emerged. Key figures like Clarice Lispector, João Guimarães Rosa, and João Cabral de Melo Neto are highlighted, alongside works that define this era of Brazilian literature.

Takeaways

• 😀 The third generation of Modernism in Brazil started in 1945, with no consensus on its end date. Some argue it ended in the 1960s, while others believe it lasted until the 1980s or even continues today.
• 😀 The third generation is also known as the 'Geração de 45' (Generation of 45) and marks a less radical approach compared to the first two generations.
• 😀 This period was less focused on breaking norms and more on returning to traditional literary forms, such as meter and rhyme in poetry.
• 😀 The criticism of society was still present but was more subtle, often using metaphorical, fantastical, and mythical elements to convey social issues.
• 😀 The historical context of the third generation includes the end of WWII and the economic recovery from the Great Depression, which contributed to a sense of hope and stability.
• 😀 In Brazil, the end of Getúlio Vargas' dictatorship in 1945 also marked a shift towards redemocratization, contributing to the optimism of the period.
• 😀 A major characteristic of this generation is a return to formalism in poetry, with poets embracing traditional rhyme and meter once again.
• 😀 Metalinguistic themes became common, with literature focusing more on itself, exploring the nature of writing and literary creation.
• 😀 The 'Realism Fantástico' (Fantastic Realism) genre emerged, combining social realism with fantasy, drawing on myths and magical elements.
• 😀 The generation also featured a paradoxical blend of regionalism and universality, exploring local issues that resonated on a global scale, such as personal emotions and social struggles.
• 😀 Notable figures of the third generation include Clarice Lispector, Lygia Fagundes Telles, João Guimarães Rosa, João Cabral de Melo Neto, and Ariano Suassuna, with key works like *A Hora da Estrela*, *Sagarana*, and *Morte e Vida Severina*.

Q & A

What marks the beginning of the third generation of Modernism in Brazil?

The third generation of Modernism in Brazil begins in 1945, following the end of World War II.

Why is there no consensus on when the third generation of Modernism ends?

There is no consensus on the end of the third generation because some scholars believe it ends in the mid-1960s, while others extend it to the 1980s or even argue that it continues into the 21st century.

How does the third generation of Modernism differ from the first two generations?

The third generation is less radical compared to the first two, as it reintroduces traditional poetic forms like meter and rhyme, and its critique of society is more subtle and often expressed through metaphor and fantasy.

What historical events influenced the third generation of Modernism in Brazil?

Key historical events include the end of World War II in 1945, the economic recovery from the Great Depression, and the political shift in Brazil with the end of the Vargas dictatorship and the beginning of democratization.

What is meant by 'Realismo Fantástico' in the context of the third generation of Modernism?

Realismo Fantástico refers to a literary style that combines social critique with elements of fantasy, mysticism, and popular myths, creating a blend of reality and the fantastical.

How does the third generation of Modernism address regionalism and universalism?

The third generation combines regionalism and universalism by addressing local themes that reflect specific cultural or social issues, while also tackling universal human experiences such as pain, fear, and love.

What is the significance of metalinguage in the third generation of Modernist literature?

Metalinguage in the third generation is important because authors started using literature to reflect on itself, discussing the act of writing and the role of literature in society, thus creating works that examined the process of writing and its impact.

Who are some key authors from the third generation of Modernism in Brazil?

Notable authors include Clarice Lispector, Lygia Fagundes Telles, João Guimarães Rosa, João Cabral de Melo Neto, and Ariano Suassuna.

What are some significant works from Clarice Lispector?

Some of Clarice Lispector's significant works include *A Hora da Estrela*, *A Paixão Segundo GH*, and *Laços de Família*.

What defines the poetry of João Cabral de Melo Neto in the third generation?

João Cabral de Melo Neto's poetry is characterized by its formal structure and traditional literary elements, as he returned to using meter and rhyme. One of his most famous works is *Morte e Vida Severina*.