Ahkam Dan Klasifikasinya (Bag 1) | Ushul Fiqih / Ushul Fiqih Keuangan | Ahmad Muhaisin

Summary

In this educational video, the speaker explores the concept of 'Ahkam' in Islamic jurisprudence, providing an in-depth explanation of its meaning and classifications. Ahkam, derived from the Arabic term for 'law,' refers to divine commands related to human actions, whether they involve obligations, prohibitions, or permissions. The lecture discusses the various forms of divine decrees, such as those that dictate actions, allow choices, or provide guidance through examples like prayer obligations or permissible actions. Additionally, the speaker differentiates between Islamic law and secular laws, highlighting the significance of divine rulings in shaping the ethical and legal framework within Islam.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of Ahkam is derived from the Arabic word 'Hukum,' which refers to laws or rulings. Ahkam is the plural form of Hukum, meaning multiple laws or rulings.
• 😀 In Arabic, 'Hukum' refers to the act of establishing or negating something. For example, when something is determined to be a color (like red), it's an example of hukum in action.
• 😀 In Islamic jurisprudence (Usul Fiqh), 'Hukum' refers to the commands or decrees from Allah (SWT) regarding the actions of a mukallaf (a person who is accountable for their actions). These include orders, prohibitions, guidance, and more.
• 😀 Ahkam in Usul Fiqh can be categorized into different types, such as commands (orders), prohibitions (forbidding), and permissions (allowing choices).
• 😀 Commands from Allah (SWT) are known as 'Tawliyyah,' and they can either be obligatory (wajib), recommended (sunnah), or permissible (mubah).
• 😀 Prohibitions, or 'Tawliyyah' in Islamic law, include haram (forbidden) and makruh (disliked), which involve actions Allah (SWT) forbids or discourages.
• 😀 Usul Fiqh distinguishes between commands that require action (such as wajib) and those that are more flexible (like sunnah, which are recommended but not obligatory).
• 😀 Ijma' (consensus) and Qiyas (analogy) are secondary sources of Islamic law that also serve as channels for understanding Allah's decrees, even if they are not directly stated in the Quran or Sunnah.
• 😀 The concept of Wahyu (revelation) in Islam includes both direct revelations from Allah (SWT) and indirect ones, such as those delivered by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through Sunnah.
• 😀 The primary difference between Islamic law (Shari'ah) and secular law is that Islamic law stems from Allah’s commands, while secular law is human-made, often created by legislative bodies and institutions.

Q & A

What is the meaning of 'Ahkam' in the context of the script?

Ahkam is the plural form of the Arabic word 'Hukm', meaning laws or rulings. In the context of Islamic jurisprudence, it refers to the decrees or laws established by Allah related to human actions.

How is 'Ahkam' used in the field of Ushul Fiqh?

'Ahkam' in Ushul Fiqh refers to the legal rulings derived from Allah's will, which guide the actions of a mukallaf (a person subject to religious duties). These rulings can be commands, prohibitions, or permissive guidance.

What is the linguistic definition of 'Hukm' or 'Ahkam'?

Linguistically, 'Hukm' means to establish or negate something. It refers to the process of attributing a certain characteristic or ruling to something, such as affirming or denying a specific property or condition.

What are the different categories of legal rulings (Ahkam) in Islamic jurisprudence?

The categories of Ahkam include obligations (Wajib), prohibitions (Haram), recommendations (Sunnah), and neutral actions (Mubah), which provide guidance on how to act in various situations.

What is the role of Sunnah in relation to Ahkam?

The Sunnah, which consists of the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), is considered a source of guidance in Islamic law. It acts as a secondary means of deriving rulings from Allah's will, even though it is not directly from the Quran.

What is the concept of 'Ijma' (consensus) in Islamic law?

Ijma refers to the consensus of qualified Islamic scholars or mujtahids on a particular legal issue. This consensus, even though not directly from the Quran, is seen as a form of divine guidance since it reflects the collective understanding of the community.

How does 'Qiyas' (analogy) contribute to legal rulings in Islamic law?

Qiyas is the process of deriving new rulings based on analogy with existing rulings. This method is used when there is no direct ruling in the Quran or Sunnah, relying on the logical similarities between situations.

What is the difference between a 'command' (Amr) and a 'prohibition' (Nahy) in Islamic legal rulings?

A 'command' (Amr) is a ruling that obligates an individual to perform a certain action, while a 'prohibition' (Nahy) forbids a particular action. Both are forms of divine law intended to guide behavior.

What does 'Rukhsa' mean in Islamic law?

Rukhsa refers to an allowance or relaxation in the law, typically given in specific circumstances where a hardship is involved, permitting a person to deviate from the usual ruling.

What is the significance of 'Wajib' in the context of legal rulings?

Wajib refers to actions that are obligatory in Islam. If a person neglects a Wajib act, they incur a sin, but fulfilling it earns reward from Allah.