BIOTEKNOLOGI KONVENSIONAL - BIOTEKNOLOGI PART 1

Summary

This video provides an insightful overview of biotechnology, explaining its definition and applications. Biotechnology is described as the use of living organisms or their parts to create goods and services. The video covers both conventional and modern biotechnology, discussing various food products like yogurt, cheese, and tempeh, as well as its uses in agriculture, industry, and medicine. It emphasizes the importance of biotechnology in improving food production, healthcare, and environmental management. The video also introduces concepts like tissue culture, hybridization, and bioremediation, showcasing the versatile impact of biotechnology on our lives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology involves using living organisms or their components to produce goods and services for human needs on an industrial scale.
• 😀 There are two main types of biotechnology: conventional and modern. Conventional biotechnology uses natural processes, while modern biotechnology involves genetic engineering.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology relies on simple equipment and natural biochemical processes like fermentation for producing food products.
• 😀 Examples of conventional biotechnology in food production include yogurt, cheese, bread, soy sauce, tempeh, and vinegar, all created using microbial fermentation.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology allows for genetic manipulation of organisms, enabling improvements in various industries such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental management.
• 😀 In agriculture, biotechnology is used for tissue culture, hybridization, and hydroponics to improve plant growth and yield.
• 😀 Bioremediation is an industrial application of biotechnology that uses microorganisms to clean up environmental pollutants and heavy metals.
• 😀 In medicine, antibiotics like penicillin and vaccines are products of biotechnology, with microorganisms providing the basis for their production.
• 😀 Biotechnology also plays a crucial role in livestock breeding, enhancing traits like milk production in cows or size and quality in livestock.
• 😀 The video aims to introduce biotechnology and its applications, with a focus on conventional methods and a promise to explore modern biotechnology in future content.

Q & A

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is a technology that uses living organisms or parts of organisms to produce goods and services to meet human needs on an industrial scale.

What are the two main types of biotechnology?

The two main types of biotechnology are conventional (traditional) biotechnology and modern biotechnology.

What defines conventional biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms, biochemical processes, and natural genetic manipulation. It involves simpler equipment and more basic genetic modifications.

What are the advantages of conventional biotechnology?

Advantages of conventional biotechnology include low cost, simple technology, and known long-term effects.

What are the disadvantages of conventional biotechnology?

The disadvantages include less precise genetic improvements, longer time requirements, and unpredicted results, along with challenges like small-scale reproduction and possible contamination in the processes.

What are some examples of food products created through conventional biotechnology?

Examples include yogurt (fermented milk), cheese (produced from milk solids), bread (through yeast fermentation), soy sauce (fermented soybeans), tempeh (fermented soybeans with fungi), and vinegar (produced by fermenting ethanol).

How is yogurt made using biotechnology?

Yogurt is made by fermenting milk with bacteria like *Streptococcus thermophilus* and *Lactobacillus bulgaricus*, which convert lactose into lactic acid, making the milk thick and sour.

What is the process of making cheese through biotechnology?

Cheese is made by separating milk solids using bacteria like *Lactobacillus bulgaricus* and *Streptococcus thermophilus*, which produce an enzyme called renin to coagulate the milk, then fermenting it to develop the characteristic taste.

How is biotechnological fermentation involved in bread-making?

In bread-making, yeast (a type of fungus) ferments the dough, producing carbon dioxide and alcohol. The carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise, while the alcohol influences the flavor.

What is the role of hydroponics in modern biotechnology?

Hydroponics is a modern agricultural technique where plants are grown without soil, using water or porous materials. It helps increase food production in controlled environments and is part of modern biotechnology.