Kenapa Wilayah Palestina terbagi dua?

Summary

This video discusses the complex and ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, focusing on the historical and political context of Palestine. It covers key events such as the British mandate, the creation of Israel, the wars between Israel and Arab nations, and the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority. The video also addresses the internal division within Palestinian leadership, with Hamas controlling Gaza and Fatah governing the West Bank. Additionally, it touches on the socio-political challenges faced by Palestinians, including the status of Jerusalem, territorial disputes, and the ongoing quest for statehood and international recognition.

Takeaways

• 😀 Palestine is a historical region in the Levant, which includes modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.
• 😀 The term 'Palestine' was first used in ancient Greece, around the 5th century BCE, to refer to the region now known as Palestine.
• 😀 The region's boundaries have shifted throughout history, with the latest being defined by the French-British border agreements in 1920 and the Transjordan Memorandum in 1922.
• 😀 Palestine was under Ottoman rule until World War I, after which it became a British Mandate with the 1917 Balfour Declaration supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland.
• 😀 In 1947, the UN proposed a partition plan to create two independent states, one Jewish and one Arab, with Jerusalem as an international city. The plan was accepted by Jews but rejected by Arabs.
• 😀 On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence, triggering the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Israel won, gaining more territory, including most of Jerusalem.
• 😀 After the war, Egypt and Jordan controlled Gaza and the West Bank, respectively, with the creation of the All-Palestine Government in Gaza in 1948.
• 😀 In 1967, during the Six-Day War, Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, and the UN called for Israel to withdraw from these territories.
• 😀 The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was recognized by the Arab League as the sole representative of the Palestinian people in 1974, and later by the UN in 1974.
• 😀 The Palestinian territories are currently governed by two factions: Fatah controls the West Bank, while Hamas controls the Gaza Strip, resulting in a divided Palestinian leadership.
• 😀 Palestine has been recognized as a sovereign state by 139 UN member countries, though its status remains debated internationally, especially regarding the borders and Jerusalem.

Q & A

What is the historical background of Palestine?

Palestine is located in the Levant region, historically known as the land of Syam, which includes Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. The name Palestine has been used since ancient Greece, around the 5th century BC, referring to a geographic area of approximately 26,000 square kilometers in the southern Levant. Over time, the borders of this region have changed, particularly after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and during the British Mandate period.

What was the impact of the Balfour Declaration on Palestine?

The Balfour Declaration of 1917, issued by the British government, supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This declaration was opposed by Palestinian and Arab leaders who argued that it violated promises made to the Sharif of Mecca in 1915, where Arabs were promised independence in exchange for their help against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

How did the United Nations propose to resolve the Palestinian issue in 1947?

In 1947, the United Nations proposed the Partition Plan (Resolution 181) to divide Palestine into two independent states, one Jewish and one Arab, with Jerusalem as an international city. The plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Arab leaders, leading to continued conflict.

What was the outcome of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War?

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, triggered by the declaration of the establishment of Israel, resulted in an Israeli victory. Israel gained control of about 77% of the territory of Palestine, while Egypt and Jordan controlled the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, respectively. This war also marked the beginning of the refugee crisis for many Palestinians.

What role did the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) play in Palestinian politics?

The PLO was recognized by the Arab League in 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. It was granted observer status at the United Nations in 1974, and it declared the establishment of a Palestinian state in 1988. The PLO played a significant role in advocating for Palestinian statehood and participated in peace talks with Israel.

What were the key outcomes of the Oslo Accords of 1993?

The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993, were a landmark agreement between the PLO and Israel. The agreement established mutual recognition between the two parties and outlined the gradual transfer of governance in the West Bank and Gaza to the Palestinian Authority. It was intended as a step towards a permanent peace agreement, though it ultimately failed to resolve key issues.

How is Palestine currently governed?

Palestine is currently governed by two political entities: the Palestinian Authority (PA), which controls the West Bank, and Hamas, which governs the Gaza Strip. These two factions have different ideologies—Fatah, which controls the PA, is secular and nationalist, while Hamas is an Islamist organization. This divide has led to internal conflict and division within Palestinian politics.

What is the status of Jerusalem in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Jerusalem is a contested city in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital. The United Nations proposed that Jerusalem be an international city in 1947, but it remains a focal point of political disputes. Currently, the international community has not universally recognized any one country's sovereignty over the city.

What is the significance of the Gaza Strip in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict?

The Gaza Strip is a critical region in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is controlled by Hamas, which came to power after a violent conflict with Fatah in 2007. The Gaza Strip is under a blockade by Israel and Egypt, which restricts the movement of people and goods. This has led to severe economic and humanitarian issues for the Palestinian population in Gaza.

What is the current economic situation of Palestine?

The economy of Palestine is heavily reliant on international aid and remittances from the Palestinian diaspora. The Israeli occupation and blockades, particularly in Gaza, have restricted Palestinian access to resources and markets, contributing to a fragile economy. The use of the Israeli shekel as the primary currency and restrictions on the introduction of a Palestinian currency limit economic autonomy.