Tanya Jawab Tentang Akhlak | Ust. DR. H. M. Yusuf Siddik, LC,MA

Summary

The speaker delves into the concepts of akhlak (morality) and adab (manners) in Islam, highlighting their importance in shaping a person's character. Emphasizing the impact of education, environment, and parental influence, he explores how these factors contribute to moral development. He also discusses the divine predestination of humans to heaven or hell, urging believers to continue striving for righteousness through good deeds and prayer, as their ultimate fate remains uncertain. The talk reflects on the theological debates within Islam regarding free will and divine mercy, urging reliance on Allah's grace for salvation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of humans being created as Khalifah (stewards) on Earth is introduced, with angels questioning this due to the potential for bloodshed.
• 😀 Akhlak (morality) and Adab (manners) are two essential concepts. Akhlak relates to inner character, while Adab reflects the outward manifestation of good manners.
• 😀 Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is described as having been protected from three influences: his reading (since he was illiterate), his environment (which was divinely safeguarded), and his parents (who were absent during his upbringing).
• 😀 Good Adab is seen as the final form of Akhlak, influenced by three factors: a person's reading, their environment, and their parents.
• 😀 Humans' actions and behavior are influenced by three internal components: knowledge (ilm), desires (syahwat), and emotions (anger and justice).
• 😀 The question of why angels predicted humanity would cause bloodshed is linked to their awareness of previous creatures who had done so before Adam.
• 😀 The verse from the Quran clarifies that God knows what will happen, even though angels were concerned about humanity's potential for violence.
• 😀 The concept of fate is addressed: everyone’s fate, whether they are destined for Heaven or Hell, is predetermined but not known until it occurs.
• 😀 The notion that actions (good or bad) don’t necessarily affect one’s fate is criticized, referencing the concept of ‘Murji’ah’, a group that claimed one’s destiny is entirely in God's hands, regardless of actions.
• 😀 A hadith is cited where the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) explains that some people may appear close to Heaven but end up in Hell, while others may seem close to Hell but end up in Heaven, emphasizing the unpredictable nature of fate and the importance of continual good deeds and prayers.
• 😀 The need to continuously seek Allah's mercy through good actions and prayers is stressed, as humans cannot guarantee their salvation solely based on their deeds, but need Allah's mercy to enter Heaven.

Q & A

What is the difference between Akhlak and Adab as discussed in the script?

Akhlak refers to a person's inner moral condition or character, whereas Adab refers to the outward expression of that character in manners and behavior. Adab is seen as the practical manifestation of Akhlak.

How does the Prophet Muhammad’s life exemplify the difference between Akhlak and Adab?

The Prophet Muhammad's life demonstrated the difference between Akhlak and Adab through his actions and his environment. He was protected from negative influences such as illiteracy, a corrupt environment, and parental interference, all of which contributed to his exemplary character and behavior.

Why did the angels question the creation of humans as discussed in the script?

The angels questioned Allah's decision to create humans because they had been informed of previous creatures who had lived on earth and spilled blood. They feared humans would act in the same destructive way, causing conflict and violence.

What is the significance of the story of the magician of Pharaoh in understanding Akhlak and Adab?

The story illustrates that even those who initially commit sinful acts, like the magicians who served Pharaoh, can change. Upon meeting Prophet Musa (Moses), they believed in Allah and were granted a place in paradise, highlighting that true change comes through faith and repentance, regardless of past actions.

What role does Allah’s mercy play in achieving salvation, according to the script?

The script emphasizes that while good deeds are essential, it is ultimately Allah’s mercy that allows a person to enter paradise. Humans cannot enter paradise purely based on their deeds but must rely on Allah's grace and mercy.

What is the concept of 'Khusnul Khotimah' as discussed in the lecture?

Khusnul Khotimah refers to a good ending, specifically a good death, where a person dies in a state of faith and righteousness, ultimately leading to entry into paradise. It contrasts with a bad ending, known as 'Su'ul Khotimah,' which signifies a death in a state of sin or disbelief.

How do the scholars interpret the concept of fate and destiny in Islam, based on the script?

Islamic scholars interpret fate and destiny as part of Allah's divine plan. Humans do not know their ultimate fate—whether they are destined for paradise or hell—until it unfolds. However, humans are advised to engage in righteous actions to earn Allah's mercy, as deeds are crucial in shaping one's destiny.

What does the script suggest about the balance between good deeds and reliance on Allah’s mercy?

The script suggests that while performing good deeds is essential, it is not enough to guarantee salvation. A person must always rely on Allah’s mercy, recognizing that no human action can truly 'purchase' entry into paradise. It is Allah's mercy that ultimately determines a person's fate.

What does the phrase 'Ihdinas Siratal Mustaqim' mean, and how is it different from 'Ihdina Ila Siratal Mustaqim'?

'Ihdinas Siratal Mustaqim' is a plea for steadfastness on the right path, asking Allah to keep a person firm in righteous actions. 'Ihdina Ila Siratal Mustaqim,' on the other hand, is a request to be shown the correct path, implying that the person is currently lost and seeking guidance.

How does the concept of the 'mubah darah' or righteous deeds fit into the discussion on salvation?

The 'mubah darah' or righteous deeds are described as essential practices for gaining Allah's mercy. While these actions are necessary, they alone cannot guarantee salvation; they must be accompanied by a continuous appeal to Allah’s mercy, as humans cannot purchase paradise solely through their deeds.