REVOLUSI HIJAU - KELAS XII - SEJARAH INDONESIA

Summary

This video explores the history of Indonesia's rice production, highlighting the nation's success in achieving self-sufficiency in the 1980s through the Green Revolution. It explains how Indonesia implemented modern agricultural practices, including the use of high-yield seeds, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation systems. The government programs during the New Order era, such as Panca Usaha Tani and the transmigration program, were key to boosting agricultural output. However, the Green Revolution also led to dependency on chemicals, rising production costs, and the erosion of traditional farming practices. The video concludes by contrasting these outcomes with agricultural reforms during the post-Reformation era.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia has historically struggled with rice self-sufficiency, often importing rice due to insufficient local production.
• 😀 In the 1980s, Indonesia achieved rice self-sufficiency during the New Order government, which was celebrated as a successful government program.
• 😀 The Green Revolution, which began in the late 1960s, played a key role in increasing global agricultural production by introducing modern farming technologies.
• 😀 The Green Revolution focused on developing high-yield seed varieties, particularly for wheat, rice, and corn, as well as modern irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides.
• 😀 The Green Revolution was influenced by the ideas of Thomas Malthus, who predicted that poverty would result from the imbalance between population growth and food production.
• 😀 Norman Borlaug, known as the father of the Green Revolution, led research that contributed to the success of high-yield crops and new agricultural technologies.
• 😀 In Indonesia, the Green Revolution gained traction during the New Order era, with the government implementing agricultural modernization programs to increase food production.
• 😀 Indonesia’s early attempts at the Green Revolution began in the 1950s under the Old Order government with programs like the Kasimo Plan and later the Panca Usaha Tani (Five Agricultural Efforts).
• 😀 The New Order government expanded the Green Revolution in the 1970s and 1980s, focusing on policies like expanding agricultural land, improving irrigation, and introducing superior crop varieties.
• 😀 By 1984, Indonesia achieved rice surplus (self-sufficiency), and in 1988, the United Nations awarded the Indonesian government for its success in achieving food security.
• 😀 Despite its positive impacts, the Green Revolution led to negative consequences, such as increased dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, rising production costs, and reduced job opportunities in rural areas.
• 😀 The Green Revolution also caused a decline in local traditions and collective farming practices, and while food production increased, the wealth distribution did not equally benefit all farmers.

Q & A

What is the significance of Indonesia's rice imports, as discussed in the script?

The script highlights the issue of Indonesia having to import rice despite being a rice-consuming nation. It points out that the country's rice production has not been able to meet the needs of the population, which has a high consumption rate of rice.

When did Indonesia achieve rice self-sufficiency, and what role did the New Order government play?

Indonesia achieved rice self-sufficiency in the 1980s during the New Order government. This success was attributed to the government's efforts in implementing agricultural programs that promoted food self-sufficiency.

What was the Green Revolution, and how did it impact agriculture worldwide?

The Green Revolution was an initiative aimed at increasing agricultural production through the adoption of modern technologies, such as high-yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, and advanced irrigation systems. It had a significant impact worldwide, leading to greater food production and addressing global food shortages.

Who is Norman Borlaug, and what is his contribution to the Green Revolution?

Norman Borlaug was an agricultural scientist known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution.' His research on high-yielding wheat varieties and other agricultural advancements played a crucial role in boosting food production and alleviating hunger in many parts of the world.

How did the Green Revolution spread to Indonesia, and what role did the government play?

The Green Revolution was implemented in Indonesia during the New Order era. The government introduced policies supporting modern agricultural practices, including the use of high-yielding seeds, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation systems, leading to significant increases in food production.

What was the role of the 'Panca Usaha Tani' program in the Green Revolution in Indonesia?

The 'Panca Usaha Tani' program was a key initiative during the New Order government that focused on improving agricultural practices. It aimed to increase productivity through the use of superior seeds, better irrigation, and pest control, among other methods, contributing to the success of the Green Revolution in Indonesia.

How did the government implement land expansion through the transmigration program?

The government implemented the transmigration program by relocating people from Java to other regions like Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. This initiative helped open up new agricultural lands, contributing to the expansion of rice and other crop production.

What were the positive and negative impacts of the Green Revolution in Indonesia?

The positive impacts included increased agricultural production, leading to food self-sufficiency and improved living standards for farmers. However, negative effects included a dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, increased production costs, a shift to wage-based labor, and the erosion of local traditions and cooperation in rural areas.

Why did the Green Revolution not result in higher income for all farmers?

While agricultural productivity increased, the benefits were not evenly distributed. Wealthier farmers were better able to access modern technology, while poorer farmers struggled with the high costs of inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. As a result, the overall income of farmers did not improve significantly.

How did the approach to agriculture change after the reform era in Indonesia?

After the reform era, the focus shifted to empowering farmers by recognizing them as active participants in agricultural development, rather than passive recipients of government programs. The emphasis was on improving the quality of life for farmers and enhancing rural economies through sustainable practices and local initiatives.