NIX OS: the BEST package manager on the MOST SOLID Linux distribution
Summary
TLDRこのビデオでは、Linux界隈で話題のNyx OSというディストリビューションについて紹介しています。Nyx OSは2003年から始まっており、年に2回の固定リリースとローリングバリアントがあります。その特徴は、システムの設定が完全に再現可能で、全てのサービス、パッケージ、オプション、パーティションレイアウト、ハードウェアが設定ファイルで定義される点です。この設定ファイルを使ってシステムを構築し、必要に応じて再現することができます。また、依存関係の地獄に陥ることなく、非常に安定したシステムを提供します。初心者向けではないですが、開発者やシステム管理者にとっては、カスタマイズ性と安定性が魅力的です。
Takeaways
- 🌟 NYX OSはLinuxディストリビューションで、2003年から始まっておりUbuntuよりも古い。
- 🔧 NYX OSの特徴は、システムの設定が完全に再現可能で、全てが設定ファイルで定義されていることです。
- 💾 設定ファイルはユーザーの文書、設定ファイルなどのバックアップは必要ですが、それ以外は再現可能です。
- 🛠️ NYX OSは初心者向けではなく、コマンドラインでの操作が必須です。
- 🔄 システムは非常に安定しており、前の設定やパッケージ/アプリのバージョンへロールバックできます。
- 📚 開発者にとっては、開発環境を再現し、他の開発者と共有することが容易です。
- 🔗 依存関係の地獄に陥ることはなく、必要なライブラリのバージョンが明確に分けられます。
- 💿 NYX OSのインストールは標準的なISOからのプロセスで、GNOMEやPlasmaデスクトップ環境を選択できます。
- 🛠️ メイン設定ファイルは「/etc/NixOS/configuration.nix」で、システムのビルドに使用されます。
- 🔄 Nixパッケージマネージャーを使用して、コマンドラインからパッケージを管理できます。
- 🔧 システムのアップグレードはチャンネルからパッケージを更新し、システムを再ビルドするプロセスです。
Q & A
NYX OSはどのようなLinuxディストリビューションですか?
-NYX OSは2003年から始まったLinuxディストリビューションで、年に2回の固定リリースとローリングバリアントがあります。システムの設定は完全に再現可能で、すべてのサービス、パッケージ、オプション、パーティションレイアウト、ハードウェアなどが設定ファイルに定義されています。
NYX OSの設定ファイルとは何で、どんな役割を持っていますか?
-NYX OSの設定ファイルは、システム全体を構築するために使用される重要なファイルです。設定ファイルは、ハードウェア、ブートローダー、サービス、パッケージ、アプリ、ユーザーなど、システムに必要な全てを記述しています。
なぜNYX OSは初心者には適していないとされていますか?
-NYX OSはコマンドラインでの操作とテキストファイルの編集が必要なため、Linux初心者には適していません。また、設定ファイルの構文を学ぶ必要があるため、グラフィカルな環境に慣れているユーザーにとってはハードルが高いとされています。
NYX OSの利点は何ですか?
-NYX OSの利点はいくつかありますが、主なものとしてシステムの安定性、設定ファイルによるシステムの再現性、依存性地獄からの解放が挙げられます。また、開発者にとっては開発環境を簡単に再現できる点も大きな利点です。
NYX OSをインストールするにはどうすればよいですか?
-NYX OSをインストールするには、ISOファイルをダウンロードし、通常通りUSBを焼いてブートし、calamaresインストーラを使用してデスクトップ環境を選択してインストールします。
Chasm workspacesとはどのようなツールですか?
-Chasm workspacesは、オペレーティングシステム、デスクトップ、アプリをブラウザに直接ストリーミングするためのツールです。バージョン1.13では、オープンソースのコンテナベースのイメージをインストールし、共有するためのワークスペースレジストリが追加されました。
Chasm workspacesの最新バージョンにはどのようなアップデートが含まれていますか?
-Chasm workspacesのバージョン1.13には、ワークスペースレジストリの追加、モバイルサポートの強化、プログレッシブウェブアプリ、また停止や一時停止して後で復元できる機能が含まれています。
Tuxedo Computersはどんな企業ですか?
-Tuxedo Computersは、Linuxを標準で動作するノートパソコンやデスクトップを製造する企業です。彼らはさまざまな人気のあるディストリビューションをプリインストールされたデバイスを提供し、顧客が自分の好きなディストリビューションをインストールすることもできます。
Tuxedo Computersのデバイスはどのような特徴を持っていますか?
-Tuxedo Computersのデバイスは、Linuxと互換性があり、多くのカスタマイズオプションを提供しています。また、デバイスは修理可能で、RAM、SSD、バッテリー、時には無線カードもアップグレード可能です。
なぜNYX OSは開発者にとって理想的なディストリビューションとされていますか?
-開発者にとってNYX OSは理想的なディストリビューションとされている理由は、設定ファイルを使用して開発環境を完全に再現できるためです。これにより、同じ環境を他の開発者や会社の全社員に簡単に配布できます。
NYX OSの設定ファイルを編集する際には何が必要ですか?
-NYX OSの設定ファイルを編集するにはルートアクセスが必要です。また、設定ファイルの構文を理解し、必要に応じて様々なサービスやパッケージを設定する必要があります。
NYX OSのパッケージマネージャーはどのように使用するのですか?
-NYX OSのパッケージマネージャーは、コマンドラインから使用します。例えば、OBS Studioをインストールするには、`nix-env -iA nyxos.obs-studio`というコマンドを実行します。また、パッケージを削除する場合は、`nix-env -e OBS-studio`を使用します。
NYX OSのチャンネルとは何で、どのように更新を行いますか?
-NYX OSのチャンネルは、パッケージのバージョンを管理するためのもので、安定版チャンネルではセキュリティ更新とメジャー機能更新が6ヶ月ごとに行われます。システムとパッケージを更新するには、`sudo nix-channel --update`と`nix-rebuild switch --upgrade`というコマンドを実行します。
NYX OSで古いパッケージバージョンを削除するにはどうすればよいですか?
-NYX OSで古いパッケージバージョンを削除するには、古いシステムビルドをクリーンアップするコマンドを実行し、使用されていない古いバージョンのパッケージを削除するコマンドを実行します。
Outlines
😀 NYX OS と Chasm ワークスペース紹介
この段落では、Linuxに関連するコメント欄で話題になるNYX OSについて紹介されています。NYX OSは、Archと同様に人々に使っていることを示す新しいものとされていますが、当初は複雑で見込みがなかったと語られています。しかし実際に試して学んだ後、その仕組みを理解すると、非常に魅力的であると感じました。また、ビデオはChasmワークスペースによってスポンサー提供されています。Chasmは、OS、デスクトップ、アプリをブラウザにストリーミングするツールで、バージョン1.13がリリースされ、新しい機能が追加されています。
😀 NYX OSのインストールと設定方法
NYX OSは2003年から始まっており、年に2回の固定リリースとローリングバリアントを提供するLinuxディストリビューションです。システムは完全に再現可能で、設定ファイルにすべての情報が記述されています。ユーザーファイル、ドキュメント、設定はバックアップする必要がありますが、それ以外は設定ファイルがあれば同じOSを再現できます。初心者には難しいと感じられるかもしれませんが、非常に安定しており、パッケージ管理も非常に優れていると説明されています。インストールは通常のISOからのプロセスで、GNOMEやPlasmaのデスクトップ環境を選択できます。
😀 NYX OSの設定とパッケージ管理
NYX OSの基本インストール後は、設定ファイルを使ってシステムを詳細にカスタマイズします。設定ファイルは、ハードウェア、ブートローダー、サービス、パッケージ、アプリ、ユーザーなど、システム全体を記述します。変更が加わると、システムは設定に基づいて再構築され、自動的に必要なものをインストールします。また、仮想化ソフトウェアの例としてVirtualBoxを追加したり、GPartedをメインシステムに含めたりする方法も紹介されています。
😀 NYX OSのアップデートとTUXEDOコンピュータの紹介
NYX OSはチャンネルを利用してシステムとパッケージをアップデートします。安定チャンネルではセキュリティ更新のみが提供されますが、ローリングチャンネルでは最新のテスト済みの更新も利用できます。古いバージョンのパッケージを削除することでディスクスペースを節約できます。さらに、NYX OSは開発者にとって理想的なディストリビューションであり、同じシステムを他のユーザーに展開することもできます。ビデオの最後には、Linux互換のハードウェアを提供するTUXEDOコンピュータが紹介されており、様々なデバイスが用意されています。
😀 ビデオの締めくくりとサポートの呼びかけ
ビデオの最後に、作成者が視聴者のフィードバックを呼びかけています。ビデオが気に入った場合は、いいね、登録、通知のオン、コメントを残すことを促し、逆に気に入らなかった場合は、嫌いボタンとコメント欄を使ってフィードバックを提供するよう促しています。チャンネルをサポートしたい場合は、リンクが提供されていると述べています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡NYX OS
💡reproducible system
💡configuration file
💡Nix package manager
💡rolling release
💡stable channel
💡dependency hell
💡Chasm workspaces
💡TUXEDO Computers
💡home manager
Highlights
NYX OS is a Linux distribution that has gained popularity recently, often mentioned in Linux-related discussions.
It was initially perceived as complex, but after trying it out, the speaker found it beneficial and decided to adopt it.
NYX OS, started in 2003, is older than Ubuntu and offers both fixed and rolling release variants.
A unique feature of NYX OS is its complete and reproducible system setup through a configuration file.
The configuration file defines all system components, including services, packages, and hardware settings.
Personal user files are not included in the configuration file and need to be backed up separately.
The system稳定性 is very high, allowing rollbacks to previous configurations or package versions.
NYX OS is not beginner-friendly and requires command-line proficiency and text file editing.
The speaker provides a step-by-step guide on installing NYX OS, including choosing a desktop environment.
The main configuration file, located at /etc/nyxos/configuration.nix, is used to build and modify the system.
The Nix package manager is used for installing and managing packages, which are not automatically added to the config file.
System updates are done through channels, with the option to switch between stable and unstable for different update frequencies.
NYX OS includes flakes for project configuration and home manager for user directory setup.
It is recommended for developers and users who need a stable system without dependency issues.
The speaker plans to use NYX OS on their editing desktop for its rollback capabilities and configuration saving.
The video is sponsored by Chasm workspaces, a tool for streaming operating systems and apps to a browser.
Tuxedo Computers are highlighted as Linux-compatible laptops and desktops with various configuration options.
Transcripts
if you have read any comment section on
anything vaguely Linux related recently
you probably have heard about NYX OS
seriously NYX OS is the new Arch when it
comes to telling people that you use it
and I will admit I was very skeptical
about Nix OS it just looked needlessly
complex and I couldn't see what the
benefits were but after trying it out
learning the basics of how it works I am
jumping on the next train so let's see
what it is how it works how to get
started what you'd want to use it and
also how to get started with a better
remote desktop tool thanks to our
sponsor this video is sponsored by Chasm
workspaces a fantastic tool to stream
operating systems desktops and apps
straight to your browser they just
released version 1.13 which adds a
workspace registry for installing and
sharing open source container based
images including the Linux server.io
collection of web desktops that are now
streamed using Chasm VNC additional
updates include enhanced Mobile support
with Progressive web apps and you can
now stop or pause workspaces to restore
them later the chasm workspaces
Community Edition can be self-hosted but
they also have a cloud service if you
prefer so to learn more about Chasm
workspaces click the link in the
description so let's begin with the
obvious question what is NYX OS and why
should you care NYX OS is a Linux
distribution of course and though for
some reason I thought it was relatively
new it turns out it's actually older
than Ubuntu since it started in 2003.
it's a fixed release distro with two
releases per year but there's also a
rolling variant if you prefer by moving
to the unstable Channel we'll see how to
do that later in the video what NYX os
does differently though is that your
system when setup is completely and
entirely reproducible everything you use
is defined in a configuration file that
is used to build your system all the
services packages options partition
layout Hardware everything is in this
config file well apart from your user
files documents configs and stuff like
that you still have to back these up by
yourself still it means that if you
backup just that file and use it to
reinstall your computer or even install
nexo OS on another computer you will get
the exact same operating system with
every user service package and app
installed and configured as you like
again apart from your personal user
documents and Dot files and now you're
probably thinking cool beans Nick okay
maybe not no one says that you're
probably thinking what the hell is this
guy talking about this looks weird and
complicated and yeah NYX OS is not for
Linux beginners at all it's a command
line required sort of distro but in
short the benefits are really amazing
first your system is insanely stable as
you can always roll back to a previous
configuration or even a previous version
of a package or an app second your
system can be replicated as is with just
one simple file that yes will take you a
bit of time to configure exactly how you
like and if you're a developer your eyes
might be sparkling right now because yes
that's one file to replicate your entire
development environment and third you
can never get into dependency hell
packages all declare exactly which
versions of each Library they need and
these versions are all installed side by
side and kept not erased by newer
versions which means that if a program
needs a newer version of gtk it won't
replace your whole main gtk installation
and break everything else in the process
it will install this new version
alongside the older ones that you
actually need for other programs nixos
is very very hard to break you would
really have to do it on purpose and so
the use case is I want a system that I'm
able to replicate on the same computer
when I reinstall or in an entirely other
computer with different hardware and I
want the best most stable package
manager I can find and I'm okay with
using the command line and editing text
files
okay so let's see how you can install
NYX OS the process is pretty much
identical to what you know you download
an ISO they have a gnome one and a
plasma one although you can also install
other desktops or no desktop at all you
burn your live USB as usual and you boot
from it normally you get the classic
calamares installer and a screen to pick
the desktop environment you want to use
I went with plasma for a change you can
also pick if you want to use non-free
software by default it won't and you're
done you have a usable system with a
graphical desktop it uses X11 by default
but there's a Wayland session if you
prefer now it's time to configure your
system to make it do what you actually
want to do and save everything in case
you need to reinstall or you want to
duplicate that system onto another
computer now the basic install will give
you everything you need but you might
want to go into more detail and to do
that there's the main configuration file
in slash Etc NYX OS called configuration
dot next this file uses its own specific
syntax that is entirely functional it
describes everything the system uses and
with which options from the hardware the
bootloader the services the packages the
apps the users everything and this
config file is then used to build the
system that you use every time you make
a modification to this file you rebuild
the system based on this and the system
automatically installs everything you
need for that configuration to work
which also means that if you give that
config file to someone else they'll get
the exact same operating system as what
you're using by default after my
graphical install that file is
relatively simple first it includes the
results of the hardware scan nexos
performs at install to make sure that
all the hardware is detected and handled
properly then the bootloader options are
set with systemd and EFI followed by the
hostname enabling network manager the
time zone the locals X11 the login
manager and the desktop environment
comment the various services and my user
and its applications and this file is
super basic it works for a base system
but you can do a lot more with the Nix
syntax if I wanted to add something else
for example I would like to run a few
VMS using virtualbox I could just add
the line
virtualization.virtualbox.host.enable
equals true and I would also like to
have G parted part of my main system
build so in the config file where my
user is defined I'll just add G parted
to the list of packages now to make sure
that this config is actually applied I
can just run a command Nix OS Dash
rebuild switch and my configuration will
be parsed and the system will rebuild
itself using everything in this file it
will then enable this new configuration
for the currently booted system and make
that the boot default and now if I open
my menu in KDE I can find G parted and
virtualbox both installed and ready to
use did you notice how I didn't need to
use a graphical app store or a command
line package manager that's because
since I declared that I wanted this on
my system when I rebuilt my system Nix
OS automatically fetched those packages
and all their dependencies so everything
would work well now if I reboot my
system I also now have two entries in my
bootloader the previous configuration
and the new one with my g-potted package
and virtualbox these entries are called
Generations this means I can always
reboot to my previous working
configuration if I messed something up
which is a very nice safety net and
that's the basics of Nyx OS with one
single file you declare everything you
need the system is built using that
configuration to install and configure
everything according to what you
specified and that config file will
always create the exact same system for
any user on any device now of course you
will have to learn this syntax and the
various Services packages and configs
you can set in there and it's a lot more
powerful than just enabling or disabling
things I can add conditions or
abstractions to make my file truly
portable for other PCS that might not
have the same Hardware
and don't worry if you mess up the
syntax when you run the Nyx OS rebuild
command you'll get warnings and errors
that tell you what doesn't work and the
config won't be built and if you're
still worried you can also just make
that configuration work for right now
but not make it the new boot default
which means that if anything breaks you
can just reboot and you'll reboot onto
the working system
of course all of this requires root
access to edit the main config of the
system but if you don't have root access
or if you don't want to add programs to
your main reproducible config but you
just want to test them out for now you
can also install packages as a regular
user using the next package manager or
you can add flat pack to your config
file or run app Images but installing
programs will mainly be done using the
next package manager which means it's
time to learn how to use it learning
montage foreign
[Music]
seconds thanks to the super exhaustive
manual that is included in the
distribution all that you can find
online the next package manager works on
any Linux distro but also on Mac OS WSL
and more it's pretty easy to use if I
want to install for example OBS I will
just type Nix Dash on dash IA
nyxos.obs Studio the dash I is the
argument to install and the capital A is
to tell the package manager to install
using the specific name of the package
instead of looking through the whole
repo which is way slower if I want to
remove the package I can use Nix Dash on
dash e OBS studio and it will be removed
note that installing packages with the
next package manager doesn't add them to
your config file so if you want these
packages to be part of your main config
your reproducible system you need to add
them in the config file instead either
for your user or for the whole system
and that's about it for the basics of
the Nyx package manager next doesn't
have a snap D package just yet so
there's no snap support oh no what are
we going to oh wait you said snaps no
that's fine no one cares and as per what
is available the next package repos has
80 000 packages which is almost as much
as the Aur so chances are you will find
anything and everything you need in
there okay now let's see how to update
the system and all its packages nexos
works with channels by default you'll
use the stable Channel with tested
packages that get security updates only
and major feature updates when there's a
new release of Nyx OS every 6 months to
update you can just run the command sudo
Nick's Dash Channel dash dash update
this will pool all the latest package
versions from the channel your system
uses then you run the Nyx Dash rebuild
switch dash dash upgrade command and
your system will grab every new version
of every package and rebuild the system
based on your configuration file and
this sounds like it should take a lot of
time but it doesn't like rebuilding your
system after changing your config
generally takes like 10 seconds
important to note the new version of a
package is installed alongside the old
one the new versions are the ones that
will be used thanks to a simple symbolic
link system that always points to the
newest version of a package so in your
menu you will only see the latest
version of an app but this has to use a
lot of disk space over time right so
fortunately you can clean that up you
can run a command to clean up the old
Generations the old system builds that
you have that you're not using anymore
and then run another command to delete
all the older versions of packages that
have been linked to this version but
that you're not using anymore Nix OS
isn't a bleeding edge distro so by
default on the stable Channel you don't
get the latest and greatest packages to
get newer packages add the risk of
having a less cable system you can
switch to the stable Channel they are
the latest tested updates and they will
also get you access to packages that
aren't yet in the stable repos like for
example DaVinci Resolve but that's just
the tip of the iceberg NYX also has
flakes that let you basically provide an
entirely configured project that you can
download and reproduce on your system it
has home manager to create a NYX config
file just for your slash home directory
and there are tons of options for the
next package manager and the Nix
configuration file to really tailor
everything to your needs so who should
use NYX OS then well for developers it's
a god-tier distro you can just
completely fine tune your config file to
have the perfect development environment
and then just give that file to all the
other developers in your company that
will then have the exact same
development environment completely set
up for workstations you can deploy the
exact same system to all your users for
someone who just wants a super solid
system that can always roll back and
that is completely free of dependency
hell nixos is also the perfect choice
and if you Tinker a lot with your distro
your services all the systems you use
and you run Nix OS lets you grab that
exact configuration and never lose it as
long as you back up your one config file
next OS is an amazing distribution but
not for beginners if you come from the
everything is graphical world then
you're gonna have a rough time you're
gonna need to learn the Syntax for the
config file to make the most out of this
distribution and you're also going to
have to learn how to use the package
manager through the command line it's
not like it's super difficult but it's
still a big barrier If You're Expecting
everything to have a graphical app so
NYX OS is now the top Contender to
replace Fedora 38 on my editing desktop
because it will let me completely roll
back to a usable system I do not have
time to debug anything when I need to
edit a video and also I can just save
all my programs DaVinci Resolve the
NVIDIA drivers everything to the config
file so I know that everything will work
in the event of a reinstall or if I move
to a new editing rig and if you need to
move to another computer fortunately
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PC so thanks everyone for watching the
video I hope you enjoyed it if you did
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and the comment section to let me know
why I'm terrible and if you really
enjoyed the video and you want to
support the channel there are plenty of
links in the description to do just that
from liberape patreon PayPal YouTube
thanks YouTube memberships you know how
all of this works so thanks for watching
and I guess you'll see me in the next
one bye
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[Music]
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