FRANCE is the Worst of the colonialists / PLO Lumumba. EP 5: Beware of France

Summary

Ce script explore l'histoire complexe de l'Amérique latine, des civilisations préhispaniques aux impacts de la colonisation et de l'esclavage. Il décrit comment les civilisations arawak et les Aztèques ont été dévastées par les Espagnols et comment l'esclavage a été introduit après avoir décimé les populations locales. Il mentionne également la diversité ethnique résultant de l'immigration et de l'assimilation, ainsi que les défis politiques et économiques. L'influence des idéaux révolutionnaires et socialistes est également abordée, illustrant comment ces mouvements ont façonné les politiques sociales et l'égalité en Amérique latine.

Takeaways

• 🌏 L'Amérique latine, y compris le Mexique, l'Amérique centrale et les Caraïbes, a une histoire marquée par la découverte par Christophe Colomb qui l'a appelée 'nouveau monde'.
• 🏰 Les civilisations autochtones telles que les Aztèques, les Mayas et les Arawak étaient bien établies avant l'arrivée des Espagnols et des Portugais.
• ⛓️ L'esclavage a été introduit en raison de la dépopulation délibérée des peuples locaux par des actions militaires et des maladies apportées par les colonisateurs.
• 👥 Les populations africaines ont été amenées dans ces régions après l'extermination des populations locales, contribuant à la diversité ethnique actuelle.
• 🌾 Les Caraïbes et les pays d'Amérique latine étaient riches en ressources telles que le sucre, le café et les bananes, ce qui a conduit à l'installation de cultures et d'industries spécifiques.
• 🗝️ La décolonisation a marqué le début de l'indépendance pour de nombreux pays d'Amérique latine, avec des figures historiques comme Simón Bolívar jouant un rôle clé.
• 💔 L'histoire de l'esclavage et de la colonisation a laissé des cicatrices profondes, comme en témoigne la situation actuelle du pays d'Haïti.
• 🏛️ La France est présentée comme l'un des pires colonisateurs en raison de sa politique d'assimilation et de son arrogance.
• 🔄 L'Amérique latine a souvent opté pour des systèmes plus égalitaires et socialistes, en réaction contre le capitalisme européen.
• 🕊️ Certains pays comme le Costa Rica ont réussi à instaurer des systèmes de soins de santé et d'éducation gratuits, malgré une dépendance à des exportations comme le café et le tourisme.
• 🌐 L'Amérique latine a été influencée par l'esprit de révolution et a souvent résisté aux interventions étrangères, en particulier américaines.

Q & A

Pourquoi l'Amérique du Sud est-elle parfois appelée Amérique latine?

L'Amérique du Sud est parfois appelée Amérique latine en raison de l'influence culturelle et historique de l'Espagne et du Portugal, qui ont colonisé la majeure partie de la région et y ont apporté leur langue et d'autres aspects de leur culture.

Quel est le rôle de Christophe Colomb dans l'histoire de la découverte de ce qui est maintenant appelé le Nouveau Monde?

Christophe Colomb est considéré comme le 'découvreur' du Nouveau Monde, bien qu'il ait effectivement été en quête d'un nouveau chemin vers l'Inde et se soit perdu en atteignant l'Amérique au lieu de l'Est. Il a appelé les autochtones américains 'les Indiens rouges', pensant être arrivé en Inde.

Quels sont les empires et les peuples mentionnés dans le script qui existaient en Amérique avant la venue des colonisateurs européens?

Les empires et les peuples mentionnés dans le script incluent les Mayas, les Aztèques au Mexique, et les Arawak qui se trouvaient dans des régions qui sont aujourd'hui le Honduras, la Colombie, le Costa Rica, le Panama et le Nicaragua.

Comment les colons européens ont-ils traité les populations autochtones après leur arrivée en Amérique?

Les colons européens ont souvent traité les populations autochtones avec violence, les décimant par des actions militaires et la propagation de maladies pour lesquelles les autochtones n'étaient pas immunisés.

Quelle est la relation entre la traite des esclaves et la colonisation en Amérique latine?

La traite des esclaves a été utilisée pour compenser la diminution des populations autochtones suite à la colonisation. Les colons ont apporté des esclaves d'Afrique pour remplir les besoins de main-d'œuvre dans leurs colonies, y compris pour la culture du sucre et du café.

Quels sont les pays européens qui ont colonisé différentes parties de l'Amérique latine?

Les Espagnols, les Portugais, les Anglais, les Français et même les Hollandais ont colonisé différentes parties de l'Amérique latine, chacun établissant leur présence dans des régions spécifiques.

Quel est le lien entre la période de décolonisation et les mouvements pour l'indépendance dans les pays d'Amérique latine?

La période de décolonisation a vu de nombreux pays d'Amérique latine se libérer des pouvoirs colonisateurs européens et gagner leur indépendance. Des figures historiques comme Simón Bolívar et Ernesto 'Che' Guevara ont joué un rôle clé dans ces mouvements.

Comment le script décrit-il l'impact de l'esclavage et de la colonisation sur les sociétés contemporaines?

Le script souligne que l'impact de l'esclavage et de la colonisation est toujours présent dans les sociétés contemporaines, affectant la structure sociale, économique et politique de ces pays, et est un élément important de leur histoire et de leur identité culturelle.

Pourquoi le script mentionne-t-il la situation actuelle en Haïti comme un exemple des conséquences de l'esclavage et de la colonisation?

La situation actuelle en Haïti est présentée comme un exemple des conséquences durables de l'esclavage et de la colonisation, montrant comment la pauvreté, la violence et l'instabilité peuvent être le résultat de ces périodes tragiques de l'histoire.

Quels sont les aspects de l'histoire coloniale française que le script critique particulièrement?

Le script critique l'assimilation forcée par la France dans ses colonies, son arrogance et son refus de reconnaître l'indépendance et l'égalité des peuples colonisés, ainsi que son rôle dans la création de situations instables et de pauvreté persistante après l'indépendance.

Quel est le rôle de la révolution bolivarienne et des figures comme Hugo Chávez et Evo Morales dans l'histoire politique de l'Amérique latine moderne?

La révolution bolivarienne et des figures comme Hugo Chávez au Venezuela et Evo Morales en Bolivie représentent un esprit de résistance et de changement social, reflétant un désir d'indépendance et d'égalité qui a été un fil conducteur de l'histoire politique de l'Amérique latine.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Histoire de l'Amérique latine et de la Caraïbe

Le premier paragraphe aborde l'histoire complexe de l'Amérique latine, de l'Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes. Il mentionne l'arrivée des Espagnols et de Christopher Colomb, qui a appelé les autochtones 'Indiens rouges' en croyant être en Inde. Le texte souligne l'existence de civilisations prospères telles que les Mayas, les Aztékas et les Arawaks avant la conquête espagnole et portugaise. La suite décrit comment ces populations ont été décimées par la guerre et les maladies apportées par les colonisateurs, conduisant à l'esclavage des Africains amenés pour remplacer la main-d'œuvre locale. Les paragraphes finaux décrivent la diversité ethnique résultant de l'immigration des anciens esclaves et la situation actuelle de certains peuples autochtones comme les Garifuna.

05:00

📚 L'ère sucrière et les conséquences de l'esclavage

Ce paragraphe se concentre sur l'importance de la canne à sucre et de la production de bananes dans les Caraïbes et en Amérique centrale, qui ont attiré les puissances européennes. Il explique comment ces régions sont devenues des 'Banana Republics' et les lieux de travail des esclaves. Le texte mentionne également la période de décolonisation et les luttes menées par des leaders comme Simón Bolívar pour l'indépendance. Il souligne également les pratiques d'esclavage persistantes après l'abolition officielle, et comment les anciens maîtres exerçaient toujours un contrôle sur les esclaves affranchis.

10:01

🇭🇹 L'indépendance et les défis du Haïti

Le troisième paragraphe traite de l'histoire du Haïti, le premier pays africain à regagner son indépendance, et de son héro national, TOussaint Louverture, qui a défait Napoléon. Il décrit les conséquences de cette victoire, notamment le traité de 1890 imposant au Haïti de payer des réparations à la France. Le texte aborde également l'occupation américaine et les tyrans qui ont suivi, causant des souffrances et une pauvreté chroniques. Il souligne l'instabilité et la violence qui ont marqué le pays depuis, et la situation actuelle marquée par la présence de gangs et un manque de gouvernance.

15:03

🏰 L'impact de la colonisation française

Dans ce paragraphe, l'auteur se concentre sur la colonisation française et son impact durable sur les pays d'Afrique et d'Amérique latine. Il critique la politique d'assimilation menée par la France, qui a cherché à transformer les colonisés en Français, et la brutalité avec laquelle elle a traité les colonies. Il mentionne l'arrogance de la France, qui a été confrontée à la décolonisation et à la perte de son influence mondiale. Le texte décrit également les conséquences économiques et sociales de cette perte de pouvoir, et comment la France est devenue un pays en déclin face à l'essor des anciennes colonies.

20:04

🌉 L'Amérique latine : une région multiculturelle

Le cinquième paragraphe explore la diversité ethnique et culturelle de l'Amérique latine, soulignant que la plupart des habitants ne sont pas autochtones. Il décrit comment les populations ont été façonnées par l'immigration et l'assimilation de groupes de différentes origines ethniques. Le texte mentionne également l'Argentine, qui a choisi de blanchir sa population, et comment d'autres pays ont intégré et coexisté malgré des problèmes de race et de discrimination. Il insiste sur la nécessité d'une compréhension mutuelle et de la coexistence pacifique dans cette région multiculturelle.

25:07

🚩 L'esprit révolutionnaire et les politiques socialistes en Amérique latine

Ce paragraphe examine l'héritage révolutionnaire et les tendances socialistes qui ont marqué l'histoire politique de l'Amérique latine. Il mentionne des dirigeants comme Salvador Allende au Chili, Juan Perón en Argentine, et Hugo Chávez au Venezuela, qui ont promu des politiques de bien-être social. Le texte décrit comment ces politiques ont favorisé l'éducation, la santé et l'égalité, et comment certains pays ont réussi à maintenir ces valeurs malgré des défis économiques et politiques. Il souligne également l'opposition de la part des États-Unis, qui ont cherché à influencer les pays de la région en fonction de leurs intérêts.

Keywords

💡Amérique latine

Amérique latine est un terme utilisé pour désigner l'Amérique du Sud, le Mexique, les Caraïbes et la péninsule centrale. Dans le script, cette région est présentée comme ayant une histoire unique marquée par la colonisation espagnole et portugaise, ainsi que par la présence de différentes populations issues de la traite des esclaves. L'Amérique latine est souvent associée à une diversité culturelle et ethnique importante.

💡Colonisation

La colonisation est le processus par lequel une nation établit son contrôle sur un territoire étranger et y impose sa culture, sa langue et souvent son système économique. Dans le script, la colonisation est un thème central, illustré par l'histoire des Espagnols et des Portugais en Amérique latine, qui ont établi des colonies et exploité les ressources et les populations locales.

💡Traite des esclaves

La traite des esclaves est le commerce illégal et inhumain de personnes humaines, souvent enraciné dans la race et l'oppression. Le script mentionne la traite des esclaves comme un aspect tragique de l'histoire de la région, où des personnes africaines ont été enlevées de leur terre et amenées en Amérique latine pour être traitées comme de la propriété.

💡Indigènes

Les indigènes sont les peuples autochtones qui vivaient dans une région avant l'arrivée de colons ou d'envahisseurs. Dans le script, les peuples autochtones comme les Arawak et les Aztèques sont mentionnés comme ayant été fortement affectés par la colonisation et la traite des esclaves, voire parfois complètement décimés.

💡Découverte de l'Amérique

La découverte de l'Amérique fait référence à l'arrivée de Christophe Colomb en Amérique, bien que les peuples autochtones y aient déjà vécu depuis des milliers d'années. Le script souligne l'ironie de cette découverte, car Colomb croyait atteindre l'Inde, et appela les autochtones 'Indiens' en conséquence.

💡Décolonisation

La décolonisation est le processus par lequel les pays ou les régions redeviennent indépendants après une période de colonisation. Le script mentionne la décolonisation comme un moment clé dans l'histoire de l'Amérique latine, où les pays ont commencé à lutter pour leur indépendance et à se libérer du contrôle européen.

💡Cuba

Cuba est une île dans les Caraïbes qui a été une colonie espagnole, puis un territoire sous l'influence de la France et des États-Unis. Dans le script, la Cuba est mentionnée en relation avec la lutte pour l'indépendance et le rôle des États-Unis dans la région, ainsi que pour les dictatures et les mouvements politiques qui ont marqué son histoire.

💡Haïti

Haïti est un pays des Caraïbes qui a été le premier à proclamer son indépendance, après une révolution esclavagiste majeure. Le script décrit Haïti comme un exemple de pays ayant souffert de la colonisation et de l'exploitation, et dont le chemin vers la stabilité et le développement a été empêché par des facteurs externes, notamment la France.

💡Révolution bolivarienne

La révolution bolivarienne est un mouvement politique et social qui a eu lieu en Amérique latine au 19e siècle, mené par Simón Bolívar, qui a lutté pour l'indépendance de plusieurs pays d'Amérique latine. Dans le script, cette révolution est présentée comme un moment important de la lutte pour l'indépendance et l'unité latino-américaine.

💡Socialisme

Le socialisme est un système économique et politique axé sur la propriété collective des moyens de production et l'égalité des droits. Le script mentionne le socialisme comme une orientation politique qui a été populaire dans de nombreux pays d'Amérique latine, en particulier après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avec des dirigeants comme Juan Perón en Argentine et Salvador Allende au Chili.

Highlights

South America, also known as Latin America, has a rich history shaped by colonization and the impact of European powers.

Christopher Columbus's mistaken belief that he had reached India led to the naming of indigenous Americans as 'red Indians'.

Indigenous civilizations such as the Aztecs and Arawak had well-established empires before the arrival of Europeans.

The decimation of indigenous populations through military action and disease led to the introduction of slavery in the Americas.

Different European colonizers, including the Spanish, Portuguese, British, French, and Dutch, established their presence across the Americas.

The Arawak people were nearly wiped out, with their language only now being revived in places like St Vincent and Grenadines.

Slavery in Latin America involved the transportation of African populations to replace the decimated indigenous peoples.

Brazil has a significant population of African descendants, including Yubas, Ambo, and Vundu from Angola and Mozambique.

The British, French, and Dutch colonizers brought African slaves to their colonies, shaping the demographic makeup of the Caribbean.

The Caribbean islands were important for the cultivation of sugar cane and bananas, leading to the term 'Banana Republic'.

Decolonization in Central America began in September 1812, with leaders like Simón Bolívar fighting for independence.

Slavery continued in various forms even after its official abolition, with former slaves still under the control of their masters.

Haiti, the first black African country to regain independence, has faced ongoing turmoil and a legacy of violence.

The French colonization approach was characterized by assimilation, aiming to convert colonized people into French men and women.

France's harsh colonial policies were a reflection of their own historical experiences and a desire to maintain control over their colonies.

The story of South America is marked by the integration of various immigrant populations, leading to a unique cultural blend.

Latin America has a history of socialist policies, focusing on social welfare, education, and health, which continue to shape the region.

Despite facing challenges, Latin American countries have managed to maintain a degree of stability and coexistence among diverse populations.

The influence of the United States in Latin America has often been met with resistance, particularly during times of political unrest.

Transcripts

[Music]

South America sometimes called Latin

America and of course the

neighboring area which is Central

America

and the Caribbean has a very interesting

history I remember when we were being

taught history that was called the new

world new because it is the Spaniards

specifically who went to that area and

it must never be forgotten that

Christopher Columbus who is said to have

discovered the new world was actually on

his way to India he got

lost and when he he met them America

indigenous Americans he called them the

red Indians because he thought he was in

India but that in itself makes that part

of the world very unique because they

were Empires which had been built the

aects were there the

arawakan if you look at what is now

Mexico they were the mesos they were the

Aztecs complete with civilization the

arawakan were to be found in what is

today Honduras in col in Colombia in

Costa Rica in Panama in Nicaragua so

there were people in that part of the

world complete with with

civilizations and the Arawak of course

we know were completely decimated by the

Spaniard the the Spaniards went there

and the Spaniards were in Mexico what is

today Mexico in

Nicaragua they were in H hondura in

Colombia and of course the Portuguese

then found their way in uh in in what is

today Brazil the British somehow found

their way in modern day belies and the

French also found themselves in areas

such as the Surinam and even the Dutch

found themselves in what is called the

Dutch anes so these new

lands became the subject of slavery in

initially because the local peoples were

decimated decimated deliberately by

military action and also by disease

because these individuals came with

certain diseases which were unknown in

that part of the world particularly the

Spaniards and the britishers have

already said and the net effect is that

all populations were dominated and

completely eliminated in certain cases

so that if you go into the arawakan now

who the people who are called the

arawakan

who then moved into the island that is

called St Vincent and

Grenadines their language was wiped away

but is now being revived if you hear of

a language called the garifuna that is

the language which is spoken by the

Arawak but most of the slaves that then

found themselves in that part of the

world were slaves that were taken to

that part of the world when they had

decimated the local population that is

why the portug is now started taking

people to

Brazil and Brazilians if you go to

Brazil there is a very large population

of

yubas there is also a very large

population of ambo and vundu when from

what is today Angola and also mosambi so

once again you can see it is the

colonizers who are coming from their

colonies or the areas that they had

conquered in the African continent and

taking them to Latin America America the

Spaniards also took people from their

colonies in different and some of them

were not even their colonies but they

took them from Africa in the area that

is now called Equatorial Guinea a lot of

Equatorial guineans were taken out of

there and saom and Principe and we find

them in the Spanish colony the British

of course as we know took their people

from their their slaves from Ghana from

Nigeria from The Gambia and from Liberia

and from sieron and they found

themselves in trindad and Tobago in

trind Tobago you find a large population

of people who are of EO origin and EUR

origin and in Jamaica you also find

those in fact there is a place in

Jamaica in the mountains where you have

the Commandos these were slaves who ran

away and went to the mountain and they

became free even in that environment so

you find those in the Caribbean so you

find populations in trinad Tobago and

tigan babudas and kidan navies St Lucia

St Vincent and Grenadines and of course

Surinam and Dutch Andes all the European

powers because at that time sugar cane

was huge and those islands were very

good for the growing of sugar they also

became very good for the growing of

bananas you had the term Banana Republic

there was a time when countries such as

Honduras Colombia were big for bananas

even as we speak today some of the

bananas that you find are either from

Honduras chikita you find them from

Costa Rica these were places that were

rich in those products and coffee and of

course these then became the target

where you took some of the slaves and

slavery was alive and well in that

particular area and they were enslaved

during that particular area then the the

era of

decolonization I think it is uh in the

month of September

1812 that is the period when all the

central Americans regained their

independence in

1812 and it was through the activities

the decolonization process started with

people like Simon bolver who is if you

find many of the states there you'll

find a man called like Venezuela

actually so calls itself the bolivarian

Republic of Venezuela and I think uh

Bolivia is actually named after Simon

Bolivia these were the individuals who

then started the idea of fighting this

both after slavery the decolonization

and of course the much younger people

will remember Ernesto sheara and we

don't mention Cuba in the mix Cuba was

also of course controlled by the

Spaniards we' have not mentioned Bahamas

in the mix all these were countries that

suffered under classical slavery and

subsequently colonization by the

European Western European powers to be

specific you know slavery is is is a

very bad thing and there are different

forms of it when when we speak about

slavery sometimes we talk about slavery

as if there was a uniform way of dealing

with slaves across uh the colonized and

the enslaved societies each of the

powers European powers during the days

of slavery had their own way because

they remember slavery and they were

slave trade so that if you went into the

areas where the Portuguese were or where

the Spaniard were or where the Dutch

were or where the English were you

discovered that even when you regained

your freedom really you did not regain

it your master still had control over

you and laws such as that were laws

which were designed to ensure that you

continue slavery and the reason was this

it is not everybody who agreed to the

abolition of

slavery so that even when slave trade

had been abolished slavery still

continued the only thing that stopped is

that you could no no longer legitimately

sell human beings as Commodities but

slavery remained and as we speak remains

now so in many of those parts of the

world you still had enslavers who could

come for you you are free but they can

come for you and take you and you work

in their farms and they de with you as

they deem fed sometimes the only thing

they gave you was food and the

Portuguese were terrible at this the

Spaniard were terrible at this the

English pretended of course after the

abolition that they were no longer doing

this but some of their remnants continue

to behave in this way particularly in

the islands because in the island they

did not have as much control as they had

in the Metropole in England or in the

larger part of the United States it's

true that all manner of laws were

enacted in the United States we have the

dreads Court law all these laws were

being passed because you said slavery

and slave trade had stopped but there

are people who are continuing with it

and if they are continuing with it and

they are like it how do you know and you

are dealing with slaves who have

nothing they do not know where to go

they can't go to their homes in Africa

where they came from they don't have

guns they don't have houses they don't

have

means Sometimes some of them preferred

even to go back to their masters cuz at

least under those Masters they had food

on the table outside it was wild and

they did not know what to happen and

they were also slave Hunters people who

contined to hunt people who are had free

and and they hunted and brought them

down to to to the slave

camps hati is a very sad State the first

black African country to regain

Independence and we know the great

hatian Independence fighter TOA du that

was the man who defeated Napoleon and

and he was never forgiven for that he

when he defeated Napoleon the French

never forgave him and of course they

were granted uh Independence in

1890s and it was black dominated and

remember we don't say about much about

this if you look at the map of hati you

have uh uh the Dominican Republic Sant

Domingo which was then the white

population was moved to Santo Domingo

and PTO France which is the capital of

Haiti became the part of or the part of

the capital of Haiti which was

completely dominated by black many of

them from Benin what is now Benin which

is used to be called D and you will

discover that they actually retained

most of their culture but the French

have ensured and the French saw that

heti will never know

peace that they humiliated Us by

defeating Napoleon they will never know

Peace So at

Independence

T signed that they would be paying money

to the French as compensation I think it

was if if it is not him but this I think

the sand one of them signed and hati

continued to pay reparation you remember

I mean somebody has enslaved you

somebody has C colonized you and when

they are leaving they say you owe

them and it is as if there was a

conspiracy amongst the white powers in

that part of the world because when the

French

left there was a period in 195 I think

to for a few years when the Americans

actually occupied

hati and dominated Haiti if they had

wanted hati to prosper they would have

ensured that it did but they did not

and after that of course we know how

they presided over the occupation of

hati by some of the most abusive leaders

the world have ever know Jean CLA duvier

called Papa do who used a combination of

voodoo and and and and violence to

dominate hati and I remember as a young

man we used to hear about Jean CLA

duvalier Papa do and after that of

course we have had uh the the the

brother the the son baby doc who

dominated hati and it it was all

violence it was all Voodoo and hati

remained poor and

impoverished so that when in the late

1980s and early 1990s there was a

movement now to try and stabilize hati

and there came a man who was a Catholic

PRI

who tried to change hati to try to

create order in hati they was removed

jeon ared was removed and then later he

was brought back and I think they he at

time I think he even came to to and

lived in South Africa

sh and he went back

and Europe and America France and

America ured that heti is the way it is

now hati is a land of

gangs everybody occupying their own

little corner it is if you talk of a

failed nation if you talk of an

ungovernable Nation hati is and that is

on the

doorsteps of our country that claim that

is the strongest country on

Earth one would have assumed that if

there was ever a case of a country that

needed the intervention of the world

through the UN to Simply go there and

say that this is a US mandated

Administration and we administer hati

for the next 25 years when it is

stabilized then we will give it back to

the people I give you this the history

and what is contemporary that it may be

understood that

slavery and colonization and and its

impact are things that are with us we

they are not things that we read in

history books you open any major

television you'll see what is happening

in hati now gangs in P of

France with

AK-47s and

other military grade equipment and

machetes in the

streets when you sleep in P of France

one eye must be open

courtesy of the legacy of

slavery and of course colonization and

of course neoc colonization and of

course the vow that was made by the

French hati will never know

peace the French are a unique

people unique in the

sense that they claim that France France

is the mother of modern day Revolution

with the French Revolution in 18th

century

Liber that was France during the

revolution and that they exported this

revolution to the world yet

somehow

France is the worst of the

colonizers from all objective

assessments of course Samora Moises

Michelle said it is wrong to categorize

slave makers as one being better than

the other but permit me to say that they

were the

worst number

one unlike the British who simply were

interested in your resources and

therefore engage in what was called

direct rule the French wanted to

assimilate you so their policy was

assimilation

they came to the colonies and they

wanted to convert you into French men

and French women and in school parades

in the colonized parts of the world by

the French like

Sagal like Mali like bkas which was then

upper vaa like Togo and Benin and

Surinam during the parade in the morning

PE p used to recite our an ancestors the

GS a black pupil saying that their

ancestors were the GS they wanted you to

speak

French and once they had picked a few of

you and took them to the sobor you had

to be a total French man or a total

French

woman they came to different parts of

the world and they created what they

call the py ab is putti the small par

and their colonies were actually called

overseas territories

territor they called them overseas

territories being administered from the

metropo the French never intended to

leave they never intended to leave

Surinam they never intended to leave

Vietnam they never intended to leave

Sagal or Mali or gin conri and they were

vicious they pish

you they humiliated you they did not

want you to speak your

language I do not know why they were

that harsh perhaps it's because of their

history remember this is a country that

had Kings this is a country that had Mar

antoanet this is a country that had King

Louis the 16th and there was a time

there was it is King Louis the 14th who

at one time when he was asked and what

is the state I think that that is that

experience King Louis the 14th when they

were controlling France he was asked and

what is the state he

say I am the

state and when later King Louis the 16th

and Marita antoanet came the French were

humiliated when the people asked where

we want bread he say why don't they eat

cake and I think that his hisory that

pain when they re they created the

revolution I think in

1789 and they created the Revolution

France was humiliated during the war by

the Germans and when therefore they

became colonialist they were visiting

this pain upon the world and as early as

1958 as recently as

1958 when they recalled

shalal to come and take over power in

197 58 remember when Char deal came this

was a military General this is the

height of

decolonization he used military force in

order to retain the French colonies and

the colonies is what made France what is

so that the France that you see now is a

France that is built on the back of

those

colonies they were harsh because their

very survival depended on this colonies

and their harshness can be seen when on

the eve of Independence in African

countries they signed the PCT for the

continuation of

colonization the yes no vote for French

colonist to decide whether after

so-called Independence they would retain

connection and connectivity with peris

they gave everybody the opportunity to

vote Yes or No but they did not want you

to vote no so that when

G voted no under hammed seur when they

were leaving they destroyed everything

that was capable of being

destroyed

Modo in what was then the French Sudan

now Mali they destroyed

everything Algeria the pogram in Algeria

when they were leaving then led by

hammed Ben Bell they destroyed

everything the other countries they

continue to control as we speak the

currencies of all former French colonies

are still printed in France CFA

Frank their

cruelty I think comes out of a big

psychological burden which they visit

transfer of

aggression it is painful you can see

even as we speak during the C in Africa

the arrogance you tell a country which

is equal in international law that we

have accredited our ambassador we do not

care France the home of Revolution the

home of kitas at one time can not

recognize a revolution when is taking

place and they say accept our

ambassador we don't accept the

revolution that is France for you

arrogance the most

arrogant of the colonial

Powers you know the history of

France is the history of how the

Arrogant fall

is if you allow

me the school bully who takes lunch from

every little boy and little girl thinks

that he's Invincible then one day the

little boy says today you are not taking

my

lunch and what the little boy does is to

hit you when you did not expect and you

find yourself on the ground and

everybody's Li laughing laughing at you

France did not see what is happening in

West Africa coming so they find

themselves at a time when they are very

weak economically when at home the

population of immigrants is growing

bigger and bigger you go to cities such

as maray you find algerians you find

Moroccans you find sagales you find

guineans you find bkab and things are

not happening as they used to be then in

the former colonies that you thought you

are

controlling a breed of young men and

women begin Rising they rise in Gin

kakri and the first thing they do is

they say we abolish all the agreements

that exist between us and France they

rise in baso and they say the same thing

they rise in Mali and they same they say

the same thing they rise in N which has

been providing you with uranium now you

can't take

it I

think they cannot take it because they

are losing food which has been inside of

their mouth and they do not know how to

behave as somebody once said without

Africa there is no France without our

former colonies give France only 20

years and it will be one of the poorest

nations in the continent of Europe and

that is going to happen and they are

resisting because for them this is life

and

death but the Stars which I can now

perfectly read are telling me that their

goose is

cooked and very well

cooked the story of South America or

Latin America or Central America is

unique unique in the

sense that most of the people who now

occupy Latin America are all not

indigenous to Latin America the

Arawak and the mesos who are indigenous

they are very few and far between

whether you go to Mexico you'll find

them but they are very few the aects and

their descendants very few

if you go to places such as Nicaragua

the ab Origins are very few you go to

Mexico they are very few so that if you

go to many of these places go to Brazil

for example which has one of the largest

black populations anywhere in the world

over 133 million and of course there are

very many people of of Portuguese origin

and people from different parts of the

world so these are all immigrants who

have en larged

integrated and and and to the extent

that is possible even being racist does

not make sense you see quite some

integration there the same is true in

Colombia we now have even the vice

president of Colombia is is is African

the same is true of uh of of

Honduras the same is true largely of

Chile and we have of course we have seen

recent problems in in Peru because of

the you you remember Peru even at one

time their president was somebody of

Japanese

origin Alberto fuori who is was from

Japan but there is one unique Latin

American country that we don't talk

about

Argentina

Argentina deliberately decided to whiten

the population so most of the colors and

blacks in Argentina were eliminated but

the point is that Latin America

underwent several problems you remember

there was a time when kudas were the

thing in Latin America whether it was in

Brazil it was a military government

whether it was in

Uruguay K in Argentina K

Honduras

Chile

Peru Central America Nicaragua K Panama

K Costa Rica Civil War until War until

19

1848 Mexico and I think there was a

period when after the coup DET and after

the activities of revolutionaries such

as Simon bolver and Ernesto Shara even

in places such as Venezuela there was a

period of settlement and I think that is

largely why Latin America has its own

race problems but they are not as

pronounced as they are pronounced in

other parts of the world people suffered

together and I think when you suffer

together there is a sense in which some

camaraderie begin to emerge and that in

a very simplistic way in my view

explains why indeed there is some kind

of uh uh understanding amongst the races

of course when you go deeper inside

there'll always be people who feel oh we

are not being treated right things are

not right but largely people coexist and

we have seen that over a long period

even in areas where you thought that

there would be problems in the political

arena in the economic Arena you have

fairly reasonable uh

representation it must Latin America's

history must also be understood in the

context of uh the Revolutionary spirit

and and when there was a bipolar world

and and and and I want to explain Latin

America in in in the following ways that

if if you look at Brazil for example

which was colonized by Portugal which is

one of the was one of the weakest and

poorest nations in Europe you there was

a time when Portugal actually depended

on Brazil in the 1900 and in the early n

mid 1990s when Portugal itself had very

many had coups you in the 60s the coup

that was mounted against Marcelo kaitano

by Antonio Inola until

1977 when I was myself a primary school

child and I knew that there was

instability so these countries freed

themselves very early and they did not

want to be like Europe they did not want

hardn capitalism like Europe they wanted

societies that were a little bit more

egalitarian so you can see that through

the policies of Brazil in those early

days and if you go to places like like

like Chile when the revolution started

taking place you see people like salvad

aende when aende was in power aende was

was was a socialist and of course he was

he was murdered almost 30 years ago from

today from this year and and then the

Americans imposed a Gusto sh and we can

also remember the Socialist movement in

in in Argentina During the period of uh

Juan Peron and and socialism was Al was

also the way to go in those days and

then if you look at what we now call the

bolivarian republics Venezuela uh which

laed to people like hugos Chavez you

look at Bolivia to toos you look at

Panama Omar Tios who was a socialist and

you look at Nicaragua

witha and so you can you can see a Latin

America that very early on was very

different they say we think when you are

socialist you take care of social

welfare things you take care of

Education you take care of Health you

take care of these basic things and I

think that that is now serving them well

a little countes such as Costa Rica with

a population of 5 million has free

health

care free education and what do they

have to export is just bananas and

tourism 1948 they don't even have an

army they abolished abolished an army

and you remember that in the early days

I think it is in the 19 in the early

1900s mid 1900s they entered into the

Rio Deano P which says that if you

attack anyone who is the Rio Deano pact

then you attack all so a combination of

factors made Latin America very

different

the Americans always wanted to treat

Latin America as their

backyard and they feared of course that

socialism during the days of the Soviet

Union that the Soviet Union was in Cuba

Soviet Union was everywhere so there was

always this resistance and people hated

the capitalist in Latin America and that

is why those who claimed to be socialist

were in ascendence and when government

settled they did not ignore what are

socialist policies and that continues

even as they suffer here and there to

serve them reasonably well that is not

to say that you don't have problems in

Nicaragua or that you don't have

problems in Peru or that you don't have

problems in in in Bolivia or that you

don't have problems in Colombia or

Uruguay or Argentina you do but the

orientation of Venezuela the orientation

is socialist but the interm medling of

America is ever present you know when

you don't obey America they want to

ensure that you

fail and they do that quite

[Music]

well