Semiologia 11 - Exame de cabeça e pescoço - Parte 1/3 (Vídeo Aula)

Summary

In this video, Diego Barros discusses the return of his biweekly content, focusing on semiology studies in the context of head and neck examination. He begins by explaining the importance of thorough inspection and palpation of the cranium, face, and neck, with an emphasis on eye examination. Detailed descriptions of ocular conditions such as hypertelorism, ptosis, and cataracts are covered, alongside methods for assessing pupillary reactions and the importance of observing external eye structures. The video encourages engagement through comments and social media interactions, and sets up the continuation of the content in future episodes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Videos will now be released bi-weekly to ensure quality content and avoid stress from other commitments like university.
• 😀 Weekly Wednesday videos will continue as planned, covering simpler topics that are easier to prepare.
• 😀 Suggestions from viewers are welcome, and popular requests will be prioritized for future content.
• 😀 The video content is about semiology, focusing on head and neck examinations.
• 😀 The head is divided into the skull and face, with further subdivisions for a detailed exam.
• 😀 For the skull, the exam should check for size abnormalities (macrocephaly or microcephaly), shape changes from trauma or sutural closure, and head positioning.
• 😀 The examination of the face involves inspecting eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, and mouth, with more focus given to the eyes in this video.
• 😀 A brief review of ocular anatomy is recommended for those starting with the exam of the eyes to avoid confusion in structure names.
• 😀 Key points in the ocular exam include checking for eye alignment, size, symmetry, and potential conditions like strabismus, hypertelorism, or exophthalmos.
• 😀 Detailed inspection of eyelids and eyelashes is essential, looking for conditions like madarosis (eyebrow/eyelash loss), trichomegaly (excessively long lashes), and trichiasis (misdirected lashes).
• 😀 The lacrimal apparatus should be checked for sensitivity, edema, and any abnormal secretion, as well as observing the conjunctiva and sclera for signs of anemia, jaundice, or other conditions.

Q & A

Why is the content being released bi-weekly instead of weekly?

The content is being released bi-weekly to ensure higher quality videos and to avoid overwhelming the creator with the demands of both content creation and academic commitments.

What is the main focus of the current video?

The main focus of the current video is to continue the study of semiology, specifically examining the head and neck, including the cranium, face, eyes, and related structures.

What are the main parts of the head and neck examination?

The examination is divided into the cranium and face, which is further broken down into the eyes, ears, nose, paranasal sinuses, mouth, and neck. The primary methods used are inspection and palpation.

How is the cranium examined during a semiological assessment?

The cranium is assessed by examining its size for macrocephaly or microcephaly, its shape (checking for trauma or premature suture closure), and its position relative to the rest of the body. Palpation is used to check for sensitivity and scalp conditions.

What specific abnormalities should be looked for in the eyes during the face examination?

The examination of the eyes involves inspecting for abnormal eye distances (hypertelorism), protrusion (exophthalmia), and strabismus. Additionally, the eyebrows, eyelids, and eyelashes are checked for abnormalities like madarosis (partial hair loss) or trichomegaly (longer lashes).

What is the significance of assessing the pupil size during an eye examination?

Pupil size is important to evaluate for conditions such as miosis (constricted pupils) and mydriasis (dilated pupils). It can help identify neurological issues or systemic conditions affecting the eyes.

What is the difference between anisocoria and a normal pupil variation?

Anisocoria refers to unequal pupil sizes, which may be benign in 20-25% of the population, or it could indicate a neurological problem. Normal pupil variations are symmetrical (isocoria) with both pupils being equal in size.

How should the palpebral fissures be examined?

The palpebral fissures should be assessed for symmetry. Conditions such as ptosis (drooping eyelid) or ectropion (outward turning of the eyelid) can affect the symmetry and function of the eyelids.

What are some potential abnormalities in the conjunctiva during an eye examination?

Abnormalities in the conjunctiva may include paleness indicating anemia or redness from irritation or infection. The presence of a pinguecula (a growth on the conjunctiva) is also noted, especially in patients with frequent sun exposure.

Why is it important to examine the sclera during an eye exam?

The sclera should be checked for color changes, such as the white sclera turning yellow (icterus) or showing red spots from vascular issues. These changes can signal systemic conditions like liver disease.