Metode Penelitian Definisi dan Jenis Penelitian

Summary

In this video, the speaker introduces the fundamentals of research methodology, explaining key concepts and various types of research. The discussion includes the definition of research as a systematic, empirical process aimed at solving practical or theoretical problems. The video covers essential characteristics of scientific methods such as rationality, empiricism, and systematics. Additionally, it dives into different categories of research based on goals, usage, disciplines, time dimensions, and analysis methods, offering a detailed look at each type. The content serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the basics and types of research methodologies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research is defined as an investigation aimed at solving practical or theoretical problems using scientific methods. It must be rational, empirical, and systematic.
• 😀 Rationality means that research methods should be logical and understandable, unlike irrational methods, which cannot be justified with reason or evidence.
• 😀 Empiricism means that research must be verifiable through experimentation or observation, allowing results to be repeated and tested by others.
• 😀 A systematic approach in research ensures that it follows a structured order, such as starting with a background, then objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions.
• 😀 Research can be categorized based on different perspectives: purpose, usage, discipline, time dimension, approach, explanatory level, and data analysis methods.
• 😀 The main types of research based on purpose include exploratory research (providing explanations), development research (expanding on previous research), and verification research (testing theories or past results).
• 😀 Pure research aims to advance knowledge, while applied research seeks to solve practical issues in real-world settings.
• 😀 Research can be classified into social sciences (studying human interactions) and exact sciences (such as chemistry, physics, or medicine, which focus on concrete, measurable phenomena).
• 😀 Research time dimensions include longitudinal studies (tracking data over time) and cross-sectional studies (data collected at a single point in time).
• 😀 The inductive approach in research involves deriving theories from patterns found in multiple experiments, while the deductive approach starts with a theory and tests it with experiments.
• 😀 Quantitative research uses numerical data to measure phenomena and generalize results, while qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena in depth through non-numerical data like opinions or experiences.

Q & A

What is the definition of research (penelitian)?

Research, or 'penelitian,' refers to a process of investigation aimed at solving both practical and theoretical problems, conducted using scientific methods based on rational, empirical, and systematic principles.

What are the three key characteristics of scientific methods?

The three key characteristics of scientific methods are: Rational (logical and reasoned), Empirical (can be tested and verified), and Systematic (follows a structured and orderly approach).

What is the difference between rational and irrational methods in research?

Rational methods are logical and based on reason, where results can be explained through evidence and data. In contrast, irrational methods lack logical reasoning and often rely on unprovable factors like dreams or predictions, which cannot be justified with scientific reasoning.

What is meant by 'empirical' in scientific research?

'Empirical' means that a process or phenomenon can be tested and observed repeatedly to confirm its validity. It refers to research based on real, observable evidence rather than theory alone.

What is the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative research focuses on exploring phenomena in-depth using non-numerical data like interviews or observations, while quantitative research uses numerical data to measure variables and make generalizations to larger populations.

What is exploratory research and when is it used?

Exploratory research is conducted to gain a deeper understanding of a concept or pattern. It is often used when little is known about a subject and helps clarify ideas or develop hypotheses for further study.

What is the purpose of developmental research?

Developmental research aims to expand upon existing knowledge, theories, or findings from previous studies to further refine or improve them. It often addresses limitations or identifies new opportunities for research.

What is the difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional research?

Longitudinal research collects data over a period of time from the same subjects to observe changes, while cross-sectional research gathers data at a single point in time from different subjects to examine a snapshot of a specific phenomenon.

How does deductive research differ from inductive research?

Deductive research starts with a theory and formulates hypotheses to test against data. In contrast, inductive research begins with observations or data collection, followed by the development of a theory based on patterns or trends observed.

What is the purpose of experimental research?

Experimental research is designed to test cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating one or more variables while controlling other factors. This allows researchers to establish direct links between variables.