A PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA: TIPOS E FASES

Summary

This video introduces scientific research, explaining its purpose, types, and the stages involved in conducting research. It covers key research objectives, including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory types, and discusses the difference between qualitative, quantitative, and mixed approaches. The script outlines the steps involved in the research process, from problem formulation and hypothesis construction to data collection, analysis, and report writing. The presenter emphasizes the importance of systematic methodology and encourages students to engage deeply in the process, highlighting its value in generating knowledge and critical thinking.

Takeaways

• 😀 Scientific research is a systematic and rational procedure aimed at answering proposed problems when insufficient or disorganized information is available.
• 😀 The starting point of scientific research is the research problem, which guides the entire process.
• 😀 Exploratory research is used to gain preliminary knowledge and explore a phenomenon or problem when little is known about it.
• 😀 Descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon by establishing relationships between variables.
• 😀 Explanatory research is more complex, often involving experiments or changes in reality to assess the results later.
• 😀 In Social Sciences, exploratory and descriptive research are commonly used for better understanding and describing phenomena.
• 😀 Quantitative research involves structured data collection using instruments like questionnaires with clear and objective questions, often used with larger populations.
• 😀 Qualitative research focuses on in-depth analysis of a topic, usually involving smaller sample sizes and exploring subjective aspects.
• 😀 Mixed-method research combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches, using structured instruments for large groups and in-depth interviews for smaller or more subjective insights.
• 😀 The research process involves multiple steps, including formulating the problem, constructing hypotheses, planning, operationalizing variables, and collecting data using various instruments.
• 😀 Pre-testing research instruments is crucial to ensure clarity and accuracy, helping identify any ambiguous or confusing questions before reaching the target population.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of scientific research?

The primary objective of scientific research is to provide answers to problems that arise when there is insufficient information or when available information is disorganized, preventing it from being effectively related to the problem being studied.

What is the starting point of any scientific research?

The starting point of any scientific research is the research problem, which guides the direction of the investigation.

What is the purpose of exploratory research?

Exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of a problem or phenomenon, often in the early stages of a study, when more knowledge is needed about the subject being investigated.

What distinguishes descriptive research from exploratory research?

Descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a specific population or phenomenon by establishing relationships between variables, while exploratory research focuses on gaining more knowledge about a subject.

How does explanatory research differ from descriptive research?

Explanatory research is more complex and often requires experiments or changes to existing conditions to assess the outcomes. It goes deeper into understanding cause-and-effect relationships, unlike descriptive research which only describes the characteristics of phenomena.

What are the main characteristics of quantitative research?

Quantitative research involves structured data collection methods like multiple-choice questionnaires and individual interviews with clear, objective questions. It requires rigorous quantification of data, and the results are often presented in graphs and statistical formats.

What is the focus of qualitative research?

Qualitative research focuses on exploring themes that cannot be quantified statistically. It involves in-depth analysis of a specific aspect or issue, usually with a smaller sample size, and aims to gather subjective insights.

What is a mixed-methods (Quali-Quant) approach in research?

A mixed-methods approach combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods. For example, a researcher may use closed-question surveys for a large group and in-depth interviews with a smaller group, combining both data types to enrich the overall findings.

Why are pre-tests important in research methodology?

Pre-tests are essential to ensure that research instruments, like surveys, are clear and understandable. They help identify potential issues such as ambiguous questions or confusing wording, which could affect the accuracy and reliability of the data collected.

What is the process after collecting research data?

After data collection, the research process involves analyzing and interpreting the data, discussing the findings, and concluding with the writing of the research report, which summarizes the methodology, results, and conclusions of the study.