Sejarah Kerajaan Sriwijaya Kelas 10 Paling Lengkap!

Summary

The Kingdom of Srivijaya, founded in 683 CE in Palembang, South Sumatra, was a powerful maritime empire that thrived through trade across the Malacca Strait. Its prosperity led to cultural exchanges with China, India, and Arabia, and it became a center for Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Under King Balaputradewa, Srivijaya expanded its influence over regions such as Malaysia and Java. However, from the 11th century, invasions by the Chola dynasty and later the Majapahit empire contributed to its decline, culminating in its fall by the 14th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Sriwijaya Kingdom was a major maritime power in Southeast Asia, thriving due to its strategic location along the Malacca Strait.
• 😀 Established in 682 CE by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa, the kingdom played a crucial role in regional trade and cultural exchange.
• 😀 The name 'Sriwijaya' comes from Sanskrit, meaning 'victorious light', reflecting its success as a maritime empire.
• 😀 The kingdom's influence spanned across Southeast Asia, including regions such as Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and parts of Java, Cambodia, and Thailand.
• 😀 The Sriwijaya Kingdom reached its peak in the 9th century under the leadership of King Balaputradewa, expanding its power through control over maritime trade routes.
• 😀 Sriwijaya was a center for Mahayana Buddhism, drawing religious influence from India and becoming an important Buddhist hub in Southeast Asia.
• 😀 The economy of the kingdom was largely based on agriculture, with goods traded to foreign merchants, which helped Sriwijaya become a commercial powerhouse.
• 😀 The social life in Sriwijaya was influenced by the influx of foreign traders, with Malay being the common language used for communication.
• 😀 The kingdom's rulers, including Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa, Indrawarman, and Balaputradewa, are noted for their leadership and expansion of Sriwijaya's influence.
• 😀 Sriwijaya began to decline in the 11th century, primarily due to invasions by the Chola Kingdom and internal political instability, culminating in its fall in the 14th century after the Majapahit Kingdom's rise.

Q & A

Who founded the Srivijaya Kingdom, and when was it officially established?

The Srivijaya Kingdom was founded by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa in Palembang, South Sumatra. It was officially established in 682 AD, as recorded in the Kedukan Bukit inscription.

What does the name 'Srivijaya' mean, and where does it originate from?

The name 'Srivijaya' comes from the Sanskrit language, where 'Sri' means light, and 'Wijaya' means victory.

What were the key factors that contributed to the rise of the Srivijaya Kingdom?

Srivijaya thrived due to its strategic location along the Malacca Strait, facilitating trade and cultural exchange. Its maritime nature and economic activities, including the trade of spices, played a significant role in its growth.

What was the significance of the Srivijaya Kingdom's cultural influence on Southeast Asia?

The Srivijaya Kingdom significantly influenced Southeast Asia's culture, especially through the spread of Mahayana Buddhism. The kingdom served as a major center for Buddhist studies and culture in the region.

Which regions did the Srivijaya Kingdom control at its peak under King Balaputradewa?

Under King Balaputradewa in the 9th century, Srivijaya controlled vast territories, including the Malacca Strait, parts of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand's southern region, Cambodia, and parts of Java.

What was the role of trade in Srivijaya's economy?

Srivijaya's economy was largely based on trade, particularly the exchange of agricultural products such as spices. The kingdom's strategic location along major international trade routes, especially the Malacca Strait, attracted traders from India, China, and other regions.

How did foreign traders influence the social life in Srivijaya?

The social life in Srivijaya was heavily influenced by foreign traders, with many people from China, India, and the Arab world residing in port cities. This led to a blend of cultures, with Old Malay becoming the common language for communication.

What were the major religions practiced in the Srivijaya Kingdom?

The Srivijaya Kingdom practiced both Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism was the first religion adopted, followed by Buddhism, which became more dominant, particularly Mahayana Buddhism.

What are some of the significant inscriptions and relics left by the Srivijaya Kingdom?

Notable inscriptions from the Srivijaya Kingdom include the Kedukan Bukit inscription, which describes Dapunta Hyang's achievements, and several other inscriptions detailing curses, Buddhist prayers, and royal decrees. There are also Buddhist temples and relics, such as the Muara Takus temple complex in Riau.

What factors led to the decline and eventual fall of the Srivijaya Kingdom?

The Srivijaya Kingdom began to decline in the 11th century due to attacks by the Chola Kingdom of India, followed by the loss of territories to the Singhasari Kingdom in Java. In the 13th century, the weakened Srivijaya Kingdom could not defend itself against further attacks, including from the Kingdom of Majapahit, which ultimately led to its fall in the 14th century.