Conocimiento de embarque o Bill of Lading

ILLICE UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS

26 Oct 202308:42

Summary

TLDRThis video script from Ilice Universal Logistics, presented by Marisa Moreno, delves into the crucial role of the Bill of Lading (BoL) in maritime export and import operations. The BoL serves as a contract of carriage between the seller and buyer, documenting the receipt of goods for shipment. It is essential for international trade success. The video explains the different types of BoLs for various transport modes and focuses on the maritime BoL, detailing its functions as a receipt of goods, proof of transport contract, and a document of title. It also discusses the Hamburg Rules of 1978, the required information on a BoL, and the three types of BoLs: straight, order, and bearer. The script emphasizes the importance of the BoL for customs clearance and cargo release, offering a comprehensive guide for businesses engaging in international maritime transport.

Takeaways

📜 The Bill of Lading (BoL) is the most important document in maritime export and import operations, acting as a contract of transport between the seller and the buyer.
🌐 Correct issuance of the BoL is crucial for the success of international operations, whether for a company starting internationalization or for regular exporters.
🔍 The BoL identifies the shipper, consignee, origin, and destination of the goods, and varies according to the mode of transport used.
🚢 In maritime transport, the 'Maritime Bill of Lading' or 'Bill of Lading' (BOL) is used, while for air transport, 'Air Waybill' and for road transport, 'Carriage by Road' or 'CMR' are used.
📝 The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) rules of Hamburg 1978 regulate international maritime transport, requiring the carrier to issue a BoL once goods are on board.
📋 The BoL is issued by the shipping company, the transport arranger, or a freight forwarder, documenting the receipt of goods for transport to a specified destination.
🔑 Essential information on the BoL includes the BoL number, number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and if it's a 'nominative' BoL, the consignee's details.
📦 The BoL must detail the description of goods, marks of identification, number of packages, quantity or weight, and apparent condition.
📝 The BoL serves three basic functions: as a receipt of goods shipped, proof of a transport contract specifying obligations, and as a credit title allowing the holder to claim goods at the destination port.
🔑 There are three types of BoL: 'nominative', 'order', and 'bearer', each with different implications for who can claim the goods upon arrival.
🚢 Upon arrival, the BoL is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures, with the original document often required for this process.

Q & A

What is the Bill of Lading (BoL) and why is it important in maritime operations?
-The Bill of Lading (BoL), known as 'conocimiento de embarque' in Spanish, is the most important document in an export or import maritime operation. It acts as a transport contract between the seller and buyer, and its correct issuance is vital for the success of international operations.
What are the different types of transport documents used in logistics?
-Different transport documents are used depending on the mode of transport: the maritime Bill of Lading (BoL) for sea transport, the airway bill for air transport, the carriage contract note or CMR for road transport, and the multimodal BoL for multimodal transport using different types of vehicles under a single transport document.
What is regulated by the Hamburg Rules of 1978?
-The Hamburg Rules of 1978, approved by a UN conference, regulate international transport of goods by sea. They stipulate that once goods are on board a ship, the carrier or their agent must issue a Bill of Lading to the shipper as evidence of the right to reclaim the goods at the destination port.
What information must be included in a maritime Bill of Lading?
-A maritime Bill of Lading must include the Bill of Lading number and copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, the name of the person to be notified of the goods' arrival, the name of the ship and voyage number, the ports of loading and discharge, a description of the goods, and the apparent condition of the goods if they are hazardous.
What are the three basic functions of a maritime Bill of Lading?
-The three basic functions of a maritime Bill of Lading are: as a receipt of goods shipped on a specific vessel and the conditions under which they were received, as proof of the existence of a transport contract specifying the obligations of the parties, and as a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw the transported goods at the destination port.
What are the three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee?
-The three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee are: Straight (nominative), which specifies the name of a person who will collect the goods; Order, which specifies the consignee but allows transfer by endorsement; and Bearer, which does not identify the consignee and is held by whoever possesses it.
What is the difference between a Master Bill of Lading (MBoL) and a House Bill of Lading (HBoL)?
-A Master Bill of Lading (MBoL) is issued by the carrier and lists the carrier as the shipper and the agent at the destination as the consignee. A House Bill of Lading (HBoL) is issued by a freight forwarder or operator and lists the actual exporter as the shipper and the recipient or importer as the consignee.
Why is the Bearer Bill of Lading considered risky and less commonly used?
-The Bearer Bill of Lading is considered risky and less commonly used because it does not identify the consignee, making it susceptible to fraud or theft as it can be held by anyone who obtains it, without proper identification.
What is required to release the goods once they have arrived at the destination port?
-To release the goods at the destination port, the Bill of Lading is necessary, along with the completion of customs procedures. The consignee can release and withdraw the goods by presenting one of the original, properly endorsed copies of the Bill of Lading.
What is a Telex Release and how does it differ from a traditional Bill of Lading release?
-A Telex Release allows the release of goods at the destination without the need to present the original Bill of Lading, provided the country permits it, through confirmation from the agent at the origin to the agent at the destination. This differs from a traditional release, which requires the presentation of the original document.
What is a Sea Waybill and how is it similar to a Telex Release?
-A Sea Waybill, also known as a Release or Sewi Bill, is similar to a Telex Release in that it allows for the release of goods without the need for an original physical document. Everything is digital, and it operates under the same principle of not requiring the original Bill of Lading for the release of goods.

Outlines

00:00

📄 Understanding the Bill of Lading

The first paragraph introduces the Bill of Lading as the most crucial document in maritime export and import operations, serving as a transport contract between the seller and buyer. It highlights the importance of its accurate issuance for successful international operations. Marisa Moreno, the founder and director of Universal Logistics, offers her expertise in logistics and international trade to explain the Bill of Lading for maritime transport. The paragraph covers the different types of transport documents used depending on the mode of transport, such as the maritime Bill of Lading (B/L), airway bill for air transport, and CMR for road transport. It also explains the international maritime transport regulations by the Hamburg Rules of 1978, which state that once goods are on board, the carrier must provide the shipper with a Bill of Lading as proof of the right to reclaim the goods at the destination port. The paragraph outlines the essential information that must appear on the Bill of Lading, including the number of B/L, the number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and details about the goods, such as description, marks of identification, number of packages, and apparent condition. It also mentions the need for a notify party and the agent at the destination, freight amount, and payment method.

05:00

🚢 Bill of Lading Functions and Types

The second paragraph delves into the three primary functions of the maritime Bill of Lading: as a receipt of goods shipped on a specific vessel, proof of a transport contract detailing the obligations of parties, and as a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw the goods at the destination port. It explains the three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee: straight (nominative), order (transferable by endorsement), and bearer (held by whoever is in possession). The paragraph also discusses the two types of Bills of Lading issuers: the Master Bill of Lading issued by the carrier with the freight forwarder as the shipper and the House Bill of Lading issued by the freight forwarder with the actual exporter as the shipper. Upon arrival at the destination, the Bill of Lading is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures. It mentions the original Bill of Lading as the most commonly used option, the consignee's ability to withdraw goods by presenting an endorsed original, and the alternatives like telex/SWIFT release and Sea Waybill for digital transactions without a physical document. The paragraph concludes by encouraging feedback in the comments, offering help for any questions, and promoting a guide on five essential trade terms and a video on export documentation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Bill of Lading

The Bill of Lading (B/L) is a legal document that acts as a contract of carriage between the seller and the buyer in maritime operations. It is essential for international shipping as it records the details of the cargo, the terms of the transport, and serves as proof of the agreement. In the video, it is highlighted as the most important document in export and import maritime operations, with specific mention of the 'maritime Bill of Lading' or 'ocean Bill of Lading'.

💡Internationalization

Internationalization refers to the process by which a business expands its operations across national borders. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the Bill of Lading for businesses that are either starting the process of internationalization or are already habitual exporters.

💡Logistics

Logistics is the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation. In the context of the video, the term is used to describe the services provided by Ilice Universal Logistics, which specializes in international transportation and logistics tailored to the needs of its clients.

💡Maritime Transport

Maritime Transport refers to the movement of goods via sea or ocean. The video script discusses the specific rules and documents, such as the Bill of Lading, that govern this mode of transport, especially under the Hamburg Rules of 1978.

💡Hamburg Rules

The Hamburg Rules are a set of international regulations adopted by a UN conference in 1978. They dictate the responsibilities of the carrier once goods are loaded onto a ship and the issuance of a Bill of Lading to the shipper as proof of the right to reclaim the goods at the destination port.

💡Cargo

Cargo refers to goods or merchandise transported by a vehicle, such as a ship. The video explains that the Bill of Lading documents the receipt of cargo for transport to a specified destination port.

💡Shipper

A shipper is the person or company that sends the goods and is responsible for the cargo. The video mentions that the shipper's details, including name and address, must appear on the Bill of Lading.

💡Carrier

The carrier is the party, usually a shipping company, that undertakes the transportation of goods. The video script explains that the carrier or their agent is responsible for issuing the Bill of Lading.

💡Notify Party

The Notify Party is the individual or entity that is to be notified upon the arrival of the cargo at the destination. The video script specifies that the name of the person or company to be notified must be included on the Bill of Lading.

💡Dangerous Goods

Dangerous Goods are items that pose a risk to health, safety, or property. The video mentions that if the cargo is classified as dangerous, this must be clearly indicated on the Bill of Lading.

💡House Bill of Lading

A House Bill of Lading is issued by a freight forwarder or a non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC). It is used when the cargo is consigned to the freight forwarder, with the actual exporter as the shipper and the receiver of the goods as the consignee. The video differentiates between the House Bill of Lading and the Master Bill of Lading.

💡Telex Release

Telex Release is a process that allows the release of cargo at the destination without the presentation of the original Bill of Lading. The video script explains that this can be done if permitted by the country and confirmed by the agent at the origin to the agent at the destination.

💡Seaway Bill

A Seaway Bill, also known as a Release Bill, is a type of electronic Bill of Lading that does not require a physical document. The video script describes it as similar to a Telex Release but without any physical documentation involved.

Highlights

The Bill of Lading (BoL) is the most important document in maritime export or import operations, acting as a transport contract between the seller and buyer.

Correct issuance of BoL is vital for the success of international operations, whether starting internationalization or being an established exporter.

Maritime transport uses the maritime Bill of Lading, while air transport uses the airway bill, and road transport uses the CMR.

In maritime transport, the BoL is issued by the shipping company, transport arranger, or freight forwarder, documenting the receipt of goods for transport.

The BoL must include specific data such as the BoL number, number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and if it's a nominated BoL, the name of the consignee.

In triangular operations, the carrier may not coincide with the exporter, and in the case of a letter of credit, the consignee may not coincide with the importer.

The BoL must specify the name of the person or company to be notified of the goods' arrival, the name of the ship, voyage number, ports of loading and discharge, and the description of goods.

If goods are dangerous, this must be prominently noted on the BoL.

The BoL has three basic functions: receipt of goods, proof of transport contract, and a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw goods at the port of destination.

BoLs can be of three types: straight (nominative), order (transferable by endorsement), and bearer (not identifying the owner, considered risky).

The Master Bill of Lading is issued by the shipping line, with the carrier as the freight forwarder or operator, and the House Bill of Lading is issued by the freight forwarder with the exporter as the shipper.

Upon arrival of goods, the BoL is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures, with the original document typically required.

The consignee can release and withdraw the goods by presenting one of the three originals properly endorsed.

A telex or sea release allows for the release of goods without the presentation of the original BoL, if permitted by the country.

A maritime release or sewi Bill is a digital version of the telex release, without a physical document.

The video provides a comprehensive guide on the BoL, essential for international maritime transport operations.

The channel offers additional resources, such as a guide on five terms useful for understanding BoL and other necessary export documentation.