APA ITU DEMOKRASI? Penjelasan Singkat Sejarah dan Pripsipnya

Summary

This video explains the concept of democracy, its origins in ancient Greece, and its development into a representative system. The speaker highlights how democracy, defined as 'government of the people, by the people, and for the people,' evolved from direct democracy to a system of divided powers, known as 'trias politica,' influenced by Montesquieu. The video also discusses how Indonesia practices both direct and indirect democracy through elections and separation of powers. While acknowledging its imperfections, democracy is presented as a more rational system compared to alternatives like monarchy or dictatorship.

Takeaways

• 😀 Democracy helps prevent oppression by dictators and protects the rights of citizens.
• 😀 Democracy is defined as 'government of the people, by the people, for the people' according to Abraham Lincoln.
• 😀 The term 'democracy' comes from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (power).
• 😀 In Ancient Greece, direct democracy allowed all citizens to participate in decision-making, but it was limited to male citizens only.
• 😀 The system of direct democracy in Ancient Greece was practiced in small city-states like Athens.
• 😀 Over time, direct democracy was deemed ineffective for larger societies, leading to the development of representative democracy.
• 😀 Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, to ensure balance in a democracy.
• 😀 Indonesia practices both direct and indirect democracy, with elections and a division of power among government institutions.
• 😀 Direct democracy in modern times is realized through general elections where citizens vote directly for their representatives.
• 😀 Indirect democracy in modern systems involves the separation of powers, with different branches overseeing the functioning of the government.
• 😀 While democracy is not perfect, it is considered the most reasonable and preferable system compared to alternatives like monarchy, communism, or dictatorship.

Q & A

What is the core definition of democracy according to Abraham Lincoln?

According to Abraham Lincoln, democracy is 'government of the people, by the people, and for the people.' This means that the government should be created, operated, and governed by the will of the citizens.

What is the etymology of the word 'democracy'?

The word 'democracy' is derived from two Greek words: 'demos,' meaning 'the people,' and 'kratos,' meaning 'power' or 'rule.' Thus, democracy translates to 'the power of the people.'

How was democracy practiced in ancient Greece?

In ancient Greece, particularly in the city-state of Athens, democracy was practiced directly. This meant all citizens would gather in one place to discuss and decide on important matters collectively, with decisions requiring unanimous agreement.

Why would the direct democracy model from ancient Greece be impractical in modern Indonesia?

The direct democracy model would be impractical in modern Indonesia due to its large population and the logistical challenge of gathering all citizens in one place for decision-making, as was done in ancient Athens.

What changes did Montesquieu propose in the system of democracy?

Montesquieu proposed a system of indirect democracy, where power is divided among three branches of government: legislative (to make laws), executive (to implement laws), and judicial (to interpret and enforce laws). This system became known as 'trias politica.'

What is the purpose of dividing government power into three branches in Montesquieu's model?

The purpose of dividing government power into three branches is to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. This separation of powers ensures checks and balances, allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others and maintain a balanced and fair government.

Which country is credited with being the first to implement Montesquieu's system of indirect democracy?

The United States is credited with being the first country to implement Montesquieu's system of indirect democracy, where government powers are divided among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

How is democracy implemented in Indonesia?

In Indonesia, democracy is implemented both directly and indirectly. Direct democracy is practiced through elections where citizens vote for legislative and executive leaders. Indirect democracy is applied through the separation of powers among the government branches (legislative, executive, judicial).

What are the main branches of government in Indonesia's democratic system?

In Indonesia, the three main branches of government are: the legislative branch (DPR), which creates laws; the executive branch (president, vice president, and ministers), which implements laws; and the judicial branch (including the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Judicial Commission), which interprets and enforces laws.

What is the main critique of democracy according to the speaker, and how does it compare to other political systems?

The main critique of democracy is that it is not a perfect system and has many shortcomings. However, the speaker argues that it is still the most reasonable choice compared to other political systems, such as monarchy, communism, and dictatorship, which tend to have more significant flaws.