Demokrasi dan Penerapannya di Indonesia | Suara Demokrasi

Summary

The video explores the concept of democracy, emphasizing its roots in ancient Greece and its evolution over time. It contrasts democracy with dictatorship and oligarchy, highlighting the benefits of democratic systems, such as government accountability, legal protections for citizens, and the right to peaceful protest. The video explains Indonesia's practice of representative democracy, the importance of checks and balances among government branches, and encourages young viewers to engage in democratic processes, even if they are not yet eligible to vote. It concludes with ways students can participate in democracy through school elections and community organizations.

Takeaways

• 🌟 Democracy allows individuals to voice their desires for positive changes in schools, communities, and the nation.
• 📚 Democracy comes from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (government).
• ⚖️ In a democracy, the government is accountable to the people and policies should prioritize public welfare.
• 👑 A dictatorship is controlled by one person, while an oligarchy is controlled by a few.
• 🔄 Three main advantages of democracy are accountability of the government, protection of people's rights, and the right to protest peacefully.
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia practices democracy, specifically representative democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
• 🏛️ The separation of powers, known as Trias Politica, divides government power into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent abuse of power.
• 🗳️ In Indonesia, the legislative body includes the MPR, DPR, and DPD; the executive body includes the president and ministers; and the judicial body includes the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court.
• 🗣️ Even if under 17 or not married, students can exercise democratic rights by speaking up respectfully, participating in school elections, and joining youth organizations.
• 📋 Effective democracy requires equality before the law, freedom of assembly and speech, fair elections, an independent judiciary, and a free press.

Q & A

What is democracy and where does the term originate from?

Democracy is a system of government where the people have a role in decision-making and governance. The term originates from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (rule).

How does democracy differ from dictatorship and oligarchy?

In democracy, the government is accountable to the people, who have the power to change it through elections. Dictatorship is ruled by one person, and oligarchy is ruled by a few people, with little to no input from the general populace.

Why is democracy considered a better system of governance?

Democracy is considered better because it holds the government accountable, ensures the protection of people's rights by law, and allows people to protest and express their opinions peacefully.

What are some of the positive changes one might wish to see in a democratic environment?

Positive changes could include more accommodating classrooms, cleaner and safer environments, and the ability to voice desires and have them addressed by the authorities.

What is the concept of 'musyawarah untuk mufakat' in Indonesian democracy?

'Musyawarah untuk mufakat' is a process of deliberation to reach consensus. It aims to involve all parties in decision-making, ensuring that the outcome represents the collective will.

How did democracy begin and evolve in ancient Greece?

Democracy began in the 5th century BCE in Athens, Greece, introduced by Kleisthenes. It was a direct democracy where citizens gathered to discuss and vote on issues. However, only high-status males participated, excluding women, slaves, and foreigners.

Why was direct democracy replaced by representative democracy?

Direct democracy became impractical for large and populous countries due to logistical challenges and high costs. Representative democracy allows citizens to elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf.

How did the concept of separation of powers emerge, and what are its components?

The separation of powers was introduced by Montesquieu in the 18th century in his book 'The Spirit of the Laws.' It divides government into three branches: legislative (makes laws), executive (implements laws), and judicial (interprets laws). This prevents abuse of power and ensures checks and balances.

How is democracy practiced in Indonesia?

Indonesia practices representative democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions and govern. Through elections, people choose the president, vice president, and legislative representatives (DPR, DPRD, and DPD).

What are the prerequisites for a functioning democracy?

A functioning democracy requires equality before the law, freedom of assembly, speech, movement, and belief, free and fair elections, an independent judiciary, and a free press representing diverse views.

How can students exercise their democratic rights even if they are not eligible to vote?

Students can exercise their democratic rights by asking questions and voicing concerns respectfully, participating in school elections, and joining youth organizations advocating for societal rights, such as environmental groups.

Outlines

00:00

🗳️ Introduction to Democracy and Its Implementation in Indonesia

This paragraph introduces the concept of democracy and its importance in bringing positive changes in various aspects of life, such as school, community, or the nation. It explains the origin of democracy from Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (government), emphasizing the role of people in governance and the prioritization of public welfare. The paragraph contrasts democracy with dictatorship and oligarchy, highlighting three main reasons why democracy is considered better: accountability of the government, protection of citizens' rights, and the right to protest peacefully. It also discusses the limitations and challenges of democracy, such as the potential for majority rule to overlook minority interests. The paragraph concludes with a historical overview of democracy, starting from ancient Athens and the evolution to representative democracy, including the separation of powers as introduced by Montesquieu and its application in Indonesia.

05:03

🏛️ Indonesia's Representative Democracy and Citizens' Role

This paragraph focuses on the implementation of representative democracy in Indonesia, where citizens elect representatives to make decisions and govern on their behalf. It outlines the roles of the executive (president and vice president) and legislative (DPR, DPRD, and DPD) branches elected through free and fair elections. The paragraph lists essential conditions for a successful democracy, including equality before the law, freedoms of assembly, speech, movement, and belief, an impartial legal system, and a free press representing diversity. It warns of the dangers of a poorly functioning democracy, such as oppression of minorities, corruption, oligarchy, and unfair elections. The paragraph also guides students on exercising their democratic rights, even if they are under 17 and cannot vote, by speaking up respectfully, participating in school elections, and joining youth organizations advocating for societal rights. It concludes with an encouragement to test their understanding of democratic principles through exercises available on Kejarcita's website and app.

Keywords

💡Democracy

Democracy is a system of government where power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through freely elected representatives. In the video, democracy is portrayed as a way for people to participate in governance and have their needs and interests considered in policy-making. The script explains that democracy originates from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'kratos' meaning power, emphasizing the people's role in decision-making.

💡Positive Change

Positive change refers to improvements or advancements that lead to better conditions or outcomes. The video script encourages viewers to think about the positive changes they would like to see in their schools, society, or nation, such as more accommodating classrooms or a cleaner, safer environment. This concept is central to the theme of the video, which is about the potential of democracy to bring about such changes.

💡Accountability

Accountability in the context of the video means that governments are responsible for their actions and can be held responsible by the people. It is one of the main reasons why democracy is considered superior, as it allows for the possibility of replacing a government that does not perform well, as mentioned in the script.

💡Human Rights

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled. The script highlights that in a democratic system, these rights are guaranteed by law, and if the government violates them, citizens can rely on the judicial system for recourse.

💡Protest

A protest is a public expression of objection or disapproval towards a policy or action. The video mentions that in a democratic society, people have the right to express their disagreement through peaceful protests, online campaigns, or petitions, which is a way of exercising democratic rights.

💡Dictatorship

Dictatorship is a form of government where absolute power is concentrated in the hands of a single person. The video contrasts this with democracy, where the power is more dispersed and the people have a say in governance. The script points out that in a dictatorship, the position of the people is much lower than the government, and the government does not have to listen to the people's desires.

💡Oligarchy

Oligarchy is a form of government where power is controlled by a small group of people. Similar to dictatorship, an oligarchy is presented in the video as a system where the interests of the few may override the needs of the many, and where the voices of the people are less likely to be heard.

💡Musyawarah Mufakat

Musyawarah Mufakat is an Indonesian concept that translates to 'consultation to reach consensus.' The script mentions this as a way to ensure that decisions in Indonesia are based on the desires of all parties involved, reflecting the democratic principle of inclusivity and consensus-building.

💡Direct Democracy

Direct democracy is a system where citizens participate directly in decision-making, rather than through representatives. The video script explains that in ancient Athens, this was the form of democracy practiced, with citizens gathering to discuss and vote on issues directly.

💡Representative Democracy

Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. The video script discusses this as the evolution of democracy to accommodate larger and more complex societies, with the United States being the first to implement this form in the 18th century.

💡Trias Politica

Trias Politica, or the separation of powers, is a model for the governance of a state. The video script describes this concept introduced by Montesquieu, where power is divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, each with the ability to check and balance the others to prevent abuse of power.

💡Indonesian Democracy

Indonesian Democracy refers to the democratic system that has been adopted by Indonesia since gaining independence. The script explains that Indonesia practices a representative democracy, with citizens electing their representatives for executive and legislative branches through general elections.

💡Civic Participation

Civic participation is the act of being involved in the affairs of a community, especially in the exercise of political rights and responsibilities. The video script encourages young people to exercise their democratic rights by participating in school elections, voicing their opinions respectfully, and joining youth organizations that advocate for societal rights.

Highlights

Democracy allows people to voice their desires for positive changes in schools, society, and the nation.

In a democratic environment, people can participate in governance and policies prioritize the welfare of the people.

Democracy originates from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'kratos' meaning rule.

In contrast to democracy, a dictatorship is ruled by one person, while an oligarchy is controlled by a few.

Three main reasons why democracy is considered better: government accountability, guaranteed rights, and peaceful protests.

Democracies can still lead to majority rule, potentially neglecting minority interests.

Indonesia practices 'musyawarah' or consensus decision-making to include minority interests.

The history of democracy began in 5th century BCE Athens with direct democracy where citizens gathered to discuss and vote.

Direct democracy became impractical over time, especially for large nations, leading to the development of representative democracy.

The United States first implemented representative democracy in the 18th century with the principle of separation of powers.

Montesquieu introduced the concept of dividing government power into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

In Indonesia, the legislative branch includes MPR, DPR, and DPD; the executive branch is the President and Ministers; the judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court.

Each branch must check and balance each other to prevent power abuse and protect people's sovereignty.

Indonesia has followed a representative democracy system since gaining independence, with people electing executive and legislative representatives.

For democracy to function well, there must be legal equality, freedom of assembly and expression, fair elections, an independent judiciary, and diverse media.

If democracy does not work well, injustices like majority oppression, corruption, oligarchy, and unfair elections can occur.

Students can exercise their democratic rights by asking questions, participating in school elections, and joining youth organizations advocating for societal rights.

To test understanding of democracy, try free practice questions on the kejarcita website or download the kejarcita app.

Transcripts

Demokrasi dan Penerapannya di Indonesia

Coba pikirkan, adakah perubahan positif yang ingin kamu lihat di sekolah, masyarakat, atau bahkan negara?

Misalnya, kelas yang lebih mengakomodasi kebutuhanmu,

atau lingkungan yang lebih bersih, ramah, dan aman untuk tumbuh dan berkembang?

Dapatkah keinginan-keinginan ini kamu suarakan agar ditanggapi?

Jawabannya adalah ya, jika ada demokrasi di lingkunganmu.

Jadi, apa itu demokrasi?

Demokrasi berasal dari bahasa Yunani, demos dan kratos.

Demos artinya rakyat dan kratos artinya pemerintahan.

Dalam demokrasi, rakyat ikut berperan dalam pemerintahan

dan semua kebijakan harus mengutamakan kepentingan dan kesejahteraan rakyat.

Berbeda dengan demokrasi,

sistem diktator adalah pemerintahan yang dikuasai oleh satu orang,

dan sistem oligarki adalah pemerintahan yang dikuasai oleh beberapa pihak saja.

Lalu, kenapa demokrasi dianggap lebih baik?

Ada 3 alasan utama.

Pertama, pemerintah dapat dimintai pertanggungjawabannya.

Jika tidak menjalankan peran dengan baik, pemerintah dapat diganti oleh rakyat melalui pemilu.

Kedua, hak rakyat dijamin oleh undang-undang.

Jika pemerintah melanggar hak rakyat, maka rakyat dapat mengandalkan sistem pengadilan untuk membelanya.

Ketiga, rakyat boleh menyuarakan protes jika tidak setuju dengan keputusan pemerintah.

Protes ini tetap mesti dilakukan dengan damai, seperti misalnya demo, kampanye online, atau petisi.

Semua ini tidak mungkin terjadi pada sistem diktator dan oligarki,

karena kedudukan rakyat jauh lebih lebih rendah dari pemerintah,

dan pemerintah tidak harus mendengarkan keinginan rakyat.

Wah, kalau begitu, negara dengan sistem demokrasi pasti dijalankan dengan sangat adil ya?

Belum tentu.

Ini tergantung praktik di masing-masing negara.

Banyak praktik demokrasi yang menghasilkan pemerintahan oleh mayoritas,

karena suara mayoritas yang akhirnya menjadi penentu dalam pemilu.

Lalu, bagaimana dengan kepentingan pihak minoritas?

Di Indonesia sendiri, dikenal musyawarah untuk mufakat.

Dengan bermusyawarah, kita memecahkan masalah bersama untuk dilaksanakan bersama.

Dengan demikian, diharapkan keputusan yang diambil sudah berdasarkan keinginan semua pihak.

Sejarah demokrasi itu sendiri diawali pada abad ke-5 sebelum Masehi di Athena, Yunani.

Saat itu, Kleisthenes sebagai pemimpin Athena membuat perubahan penting pada sistem pemerintahan Athena

dan mulai memperkenalkan demokrasi.

Demokrasi yang diterapkan adalah demokrasi langsung,

di mana rakyat berkumpul di suatu tempat untuk berdiskusi dan memberikan pendapatnya secara langsung.

Meskipun begitu, hanya laki-laki yang memiliki kedudukan sosial tinggi yang ikut serta.

Sementara wanita, budak, dan penduduk asing tidak diikutsertakan.

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman,

sistem demokrasi langsung tidak cocok digunakan.

Apalagi untuk negara yang memiliki wilayah yang luas dan penduduk yang banyak.

Tentu sulit untuk mengumpulkan seluruh rakyat di satu tempat dan mengambil satu keputusan dari ratusan juta pendapat.

Hal ini akan sangat memakan waktu dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal.

Karena itu, berkembanglah sistem demokrasi tidak langsung atau demokrasi perwakilan,

di mana warga negara memilih perwakilannya untuk mewakili mereka dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.

Pada abad ke-18, bentuk demokrasi perwakilan ini pertama kali digunakan oleh Amerika Serikat

dengan menerapkan prinsip pemisahan kekuasaan.

Tokoh yang memperkenalkan pemisahan kekuasaan adalah Montesquieu dalam bukunya "The Spirit of the Laws".

Konsep ini mengajarkan bahwa kekuasaan pemerintah harus dibagi menjadi tiga lembaga kekuasaan,

yang dikenal dengan Trias Politica.

Tiga lembaga tersebut adalah

lembaga legislatif yang membuat undang-undang.

Di Indonesia, contoh lembaga ini yaitu MPR, DPR, dan DPD.

lembaga eksekutif yang melaksanakan undang-undang.

Di Indonesia, kedudukan ini dipegang oleh presiden, wakilnya, serta para menteri.

lembaga yudikatif yang mengadili pelanggaran undang-undang.

Di Indonesia, lembaga ini terdiri dari Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Setiap lembaga harus saling mengawasi dan menyeimbangkan kekuasaan satu sama lain

untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kekuasaan dan menjaga kedaulatan rakyat.

Lalu, apakah Indonesia juga menganut sistem demokrasi?

Ya, Indonesia sudah menganut sistem demokrasi sejak Indonesia merdeka.

Indonesia menganut sistem demokrasi tidak langsung atau demokrasi perwakilan.

Rakyat Indonesia akan memilih perwakilan untuk mewakili mereka dalam membuat kebijakan dan menjalani pemerintahan.

Melalui pemilihan umum atau pemilu,

rakyat akan memilih perwakilan eksekutif, yaitu presiden dan wakil presiden;

serta perwakilan legislatif, yaitu DPR, DPRD, dan DPD.

Agar demokrasi dapat berjalan dengan baik, ada beberapa syarat yang harus ada.

Pertama, kesetaraan di mata hukum.

Kedua, kebebasan berkumpul, berpendapat, bergerak, dan berkeyakinan.

Ketiga, pemilu yang bebas dan adil.

Keempat, sistem hukum yang bebas dari pengaruh luar.

Kelima, pers yang bebas dan mewakili keberagaman.

Jika demokrasi tidak berjalan dengan baik, maka ketidakadilan mudah terjadi.

Misalnya, mayoritas menindas minoritas, korupsi, oligarki, dan pemilihan yang tidak adil.

Jadi, sekarang kita sudah tahu apa itu demokrasi dan bentuk demokrasi di Indonesia.

Lalu, bagaimana kamu bisa menjalankan hak berdemokrasi sebagai seorang pelajar?

Jika kamu belum berusia 17 tahun atau belum pernah menikah, maka kamu belum memiliki hak pilih dalam pemilu.

Namun, kamu tetap bisa menyuarakan keinginanmu lewat berbagai jalur.

Pertama, bertanya dan angkat bicara jika ada hal yang tidak kamu mengerti atau tidak kamu setujui di rumah ataupun kelas.

Tetapi pastikan kamu menyampaikan dengan cara yang sopan dan hormat.

Kedua, berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan badan dalam sekolah,

misalnya ketua kelas atau pengurus OSIS.

Pilihlah kepengurusan yang janjinya lebih sesuai keinginanmu atau kamu percaya kinerjanya baik.

Ketiga, bergabung dalam organisasi muda-mudi yang memperjuangkan hak masyarakat.

Contohnya, organisasi lingkungan hidup

yang memperjuangkan hakmu untuk mewarisi bumi yang bebas dari sampah dan polusi di masa depan

Nah, untuk menguji pemahamanmu, sekarang coba jawab,

sikap manakah yang sesuai dengan prinsip demokrasi?

Yuk, coba latihan soal gratis di website kejarcita atau download aplikasi kejarcita di Playstore.

Jangan lupa like, comment, and share juga video ini ke temen kece lainnya.

kejarcita. Kejar ilmu, raih cita.