Pancasila 12 Persatuan Indonesia

Summary

In this lecture, Ahmad Kirul Fattah discusses the significance of Indonesia's principle of unity (Persatuan Indonesia), explaining how diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms across the archipelago were unified through nationalism and the influence of Islam. He highlights the role of Islam in creating a shared identity, fostering a sense of togetherness among different groups, and helping to resist colonial oppression. Buya Hamka's perspective on nationalism is also explored, emphasizing that Islam supports unity while condemning divisive forms of nationalism. The lecture also touches on the historical context leading to Indonesia's independence, including the pivotal Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge).

Takeaways

• 😀 The 'Unity in Diversity' principle in Indonesia emphasizes the formation of a united nation from various ethnic groups, each with its own sovereignty and identity prior to Indonesia's independence.
• 😀 The process of Indonesian nationalism was gradual and culminated in the 1928 Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda), which marked the formal declaration of Indonesia as a unified nation-state.
• 😀 Nationalism in Indonesia played a unifying role, unlike in the Arab world, where nationalism often divided existing nations into smaller states after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
• 😀 Buya Hamka argued that love for one's homeland is natural, but it should be balanced by faith and humanity, ensuring that nationalism does not lead to arrogance or superiority over others.
• 😀 Islam's influence in Indonesia was pivotal in fostering a sense of unity among the various ethnic groups, creating a shared identity that transcended regional differences.
• 😀 The Islamic presence in Indonesia led to the development of a common language—Malay—which eventually evolved into the Indonesian language and helped connect the diverse regions.
• 😀 Islam not only unified the people of Indonesia culturally but also influenced practices and customs, such as clothing and dietary habits, shifting them in line with Islamic principles.
• 😀 The role of Islam in Indonesia is considered essential in overcoming ethnic divisions, as it created a sense of shared identity among people from various regions, such as Aceh, Java, Makassar, and others.
• 😀 Islamic leaders, such as religious scholars and sultans, played a significant role in resisting European colonial powers, seeing their struggles as a Jihad, which further unified the people.
• 😀 Buya Hamka's views on nationalism distinguish between positive patriotism and harmful forms of nationalism, warning against 'Asabiah'—both tribal and racial nationalism—that leads to division or superiority complexes.

Q & A

What is the core message of the 'Sila Persatuan Indonesia' as discussed in the transcript?

The core message of 'Sila Persatuan Indonesia' is the declaration of unity among the various ethnic groups and cultures in Indonesia, recognizing them as one nation, the Indonesian people, despite their diverse histories and sovereignties before the formation of Indonesia.

How does the concept of nationalism in Indonesia differ from nationalism in the Arab world, according to the speaker?

In Indonesia, nationalism played a unifying role, bringing together separate ethnic groups and kingdoms into one nation, while in the Arab world, nationalism often led to the creation of smaller, separate states, breaking the unity that previously existed under the Ottoman Empire.

What role did Islam play in the unification of Indonesia's diverse ethnic groups?

Islam played a crucial role by creating a shared identity among the different ethnic groups of Indonesia. People from various regions such as Java, Aceh, Makassar, and others felt a sense of unity due to their common faith, practices, and cultural changes brought about by Islam.

What is Buya Hamka's view on nationalism and its relationship to Islam?

Buya Hamka believed that nationalism or love for one's homeland is natural, but it should be tempered by faith in Islam to prevent arrogance. He emphasized that Islam does not seek to dissolve ethnic identities but rather respects and values the diversity of nations and peoples.

According to Hamka, what are the two forms of nationalism that Islam rejects?

Hamka identified two forms of nationalism that Islam rejects: 'asabiyyah jahiliyyah' (tribal or clan-based nationalism that causes division) and 'asabiyyah jinsiyyah' (nationalism based on racial superiority that can lead to exploitation or conquest of other nations).

What is the significance of the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) in the context of Indonesian nationalism?

The Sumpah Pemuda was a formal declaration of unity, where Indonesian youth pledged to unite as one nation. It marked a pivotal moment in the process of transforming various regional identities into a single national identity, paving the way for Indonesia's independence.

How did Islam influence cultural and societal practices in Indonesia, according to the speaker?

Islam significantly influenced cultural practices in Indonesia, including the transformation of clothing, rituals, and social norms. For example, the Islamic practice of covering the body and head replaced previous traditions, and Islamic dietary laws reshaped rituals involving food sacrifices.

What role did the Jawi identity play in Indonesia's national unity?

The Jawi identity, formed by Muslims across Southeast Asia, played a key role in fostering a sense of shared culture and language. This common identity, rooted in Islam, helped to unify various ethnic groups, and the Malay language became the lingua franca, eventually evolving into the modern Indonesian language.

How did the spread of Islam in Indonesia affect the perception of ethnicity and culture?

As Islam spread in Indonesia, it led to significant cultural changes, including the adoption of Islamic practices and the transformation of local traditions. This process made people from different ethnic backgrounds feel more connected, as they shared common religious and cultural experiences.

What historical context does the speaker provide about Indonesia's political history before its independence?

Before Indonesia's independence, the archipelago was made up of various kingdoms and ethnic groups with their own sovereignties. The arrival of European colonial powers and the subsequent struggle for independence eventually led to the formation of a unified nation, Indonesia, through the Sumpah Pemuda and the efforts of nationalist movements.