Larutan Elektrolit dan non Elektrolit (part 2) | Kimia Kelas 10

Summary

In this chemistry lesson for 10th grade students, the video explains the concepts of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, highlighting the differences based on the type of solute, either ionic or covalent. It covers how ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds behave in solid, liquid, and solution forms. The video provides examples of strong and weak electrolytes, acids, bases, and salts. It also offers a guide on how to identify which substances can conduct electricity, helping students distinguish between various acids, bases, and salts. The video concludes with a practice exercise to test students' understanding.

Takeaways

• 😀 Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions and conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
• 😀 Non-electrolytes do not dissociate into ions and cannot conduct electricity.
• 😀 Strong electrolytes, like NaCl and HCl, dissociate completely in water and conduct electricity strongly.
• 😀 Weak electrolytes, like acetic acid (CH3COOH), only partially dissociate in water and conduct electricity weakly.
• 😀 Non-electrolytes such as glucose (C6H12O6) and urea do not conduct electricity in any state.
• 😀 Ionic compounds (e.g., NaCl) can conduct electricity when in a liquid or aqueous state but not in a solid state.
• 😀 Polar covalent compounds, like HCl, may conduct electricity when dissolved in water, acting as electrolytes.
• 😀 Nonpolar covalent compounds, such as glucose and sucrose, do not conduct electricity and are non-electrolytes.
• 😀 Strong acids (e.g., HCl, HNO3) fully dissociate into H+ ions in solution, while weak acids (e.g., CH3COOH) only partially dissociate.
• 😀 Bases like NaOH and KOH are strong electrolytes, dissociating completely in water to release OH- ions, while weak bases partially dissociate.

Q & A

What is the difference between an electrolyte solution and a non-electrolyte solution?

Electrolyte solutions can conduct electricity because they contain dissolved ions. Non-electrolyte solutions, on the other hand, cannot conduct electricity because they contain molecules that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved.

What is the characteristic of a strong electrolyte solution?

A strong electrolyte solution contains a substance that fully dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, allowing it to conduct electricity strongly. Examples include salt solutions like NaCl.

What are the types of compounds that can form an electrolyte solution?

Electrolyte solutions can be formed from ionic compounds, which dissociate into ions, or polar covalent compounds, which may dissociate weakly depending on their nature.

How can you distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes in terms of dissociation?

A strong electrolyte dissociates completely into ions in solution, while a weak electrolyte only partially dissociates. For instance, HCl is a strong electrolyte, while CH3COOH (acetic acid) is a weak electrolyte.

What happens to an ionic compound in its solid state regarding electrical conductivity?

In its solid state, an ionic compound cannot conduct electricity because its ions are not free to move. It only conducts electricity in molten or dissolved form.

What are examples of strong acids and weak acids discussed in the video?

Strong acids include HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid). Weak acids include CH3COOH (acetic acid) and HF (hydrofluoric acid).

Which types of bases are considered strong bases?

Strong bases are usually those that contain hydroxide ions (OH-) and come from Group 1A and Group 2A metals, such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), and Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide).

What is the behavior of covalent compounds in terms of electrical conductivity?

Covalent compounds generally do not conduct electricity. However, if the compound is polar and dissolved in water, it may conduct electricity weakly or strongly depending on its dissociation.

Can a non-polar covalent compound conduct electricity?

No, non-polar covalent compounds do not dissociate into ions and cannot conduct electricity in any state (solid, liquid, or dissolved).

What is an example of a non-electrolyte solution mentioned in the video?

Examples of non-electrolyte solutions include urea (CONH2)2, glucose (C6H12O6), sucrose (C12H22O11), and ethanol (C2H5OH), which do not dissociate into ions and thus cannot conduct electricity.