Peter Berger on whether the world is becoming less religious

Summary

The speaker reflects on the relationship between religion and secularism, discussing the shift from the belief that modernity leads to secularization to the realization that the world remains strongly religious. Drawing on examples such as a Jewish surgeon in Boston, the speaker highlights the coexistence of religious belief and modern professional life. They emphasize that modern societies need secular spaces, notably in science and law, while also acknowledging the ongoing influence of religion in various sectors. The core idea is that for many, religion and secularity are not opposing forces but coexist in both public and private spheres.

Takeaways

• 😀 The belief in secularization was popular but proven empirically untenable after 25 years of analysis.
• 😀 The world is not becoming more secular, but remains strongly religious in many parts of the globe.
• 😀 Secularization theory is not entirely wrong, as modern societies require a secular space due to the importance of science and technology.
• 😀 Modern societies cannot function without a certain level of technology and secular discourse.
• 😀 A Jewish surgeon in Boston exemplifies the coexistence of religion and secular work, as his religious identity does not affect his professional responsibilities.
• 😀 Even in secular spaces, such as hospitals, religion remains present through chaplains, prayer circles, and alternative healing methods.
• 😀 Secularism and religion intersect in various fields, as shown by the example of a famous Dutch jurist who proposed international law to be handled as if God did not exist.
• 😀 The role of religion in law: secular law must be neutral, as it must apply to diverse religious groups.
• 😀 Secularism has led to the development of religious freedom as a fundamental right, particularly in pluralistic societies.
• 😀 Religion and secularity often coexist in individuals' lives, as many modern professionals, like petroleum engineers or brain surgeons, are deeply religious and also fully engaged in secular, modern professions.

Q & A

What was the initial belief of the speaker regarding secularization?

The speaker initially believed that secularization was a natural and inevitable trend, where modern societies would become less religious. This belief was shared by many people and seemed reasonable at the time.

What conclusion did the speaker reach after 25 years of thought on the matter?

After 25 years, the speaker concluded that the idea of secularization was a mistake and empirically untenable. The world was not becoming more secular, but rather, religion remained a strong force globally.

How does the speaker view Charles Taylor's book on secularization?

The speaker finds Charles Taylor's book on secularization interesting, even if the implications of the book's title (that the world is becoming secular) are not entirely correct. The book still offers valuable insights on the topic.

What is the basic reason the speaker mentions for the necessity of a secular space in modern society?

The speaker argues that modern society requires a secular space due to the importance of science and technology. A society cannot function properly without these components, which operate within a secular framework.

What example does the speaker provide to illustrate the interaction of religion and secular spaces?

The speaker gives the example of a Jewish surgeon in Boston who practices as an Orthodox Jew but works within a secular medical environment. He cannot consult religious texts during surgery, but his religious beliefs still influence his approach to his vocation.

How does the speaker describe the modern hospital in relation to religion?

The speaker describes the hospital as a 'temple of modernity,' where secular discourse predominates. However, the hospital is also infiltrated by religion, with chaplains, prayer circles, and alternative healing practices being present.

What historical figure does the speaker mention in relation to secular spaces, and what was his contribution?

The speaker mentions Hugo Grotius, a Dutch jurist of the 17th century who contributed to the development of modern international law. Grotius advocated for a secular approach to law, arguing that law should be handled as if God did not exist, even though he himself was religious.

What does the speaker mean by 'secular space' in relation to law?

The speaker explains that secular space in law refers to the need for laws that are religiously neutral. This was crucial as European states at the time were defined by different religions, and international law needed to be applicable to all, regardless of religious affiliation.

What role does secular space play in religious freedom, according to the speaker?

Secular space is crucial for religious freedom, as it provides a neutral ground where different religions can coexist. It allows for a framework where pluralism can be efficiently managed and religious freedom can be maintained.

How does the speaker view the relationship between religion and modernity in certain religious communities?

The speaker emphasizes that, for many religious people, religion and modernity are not opposing forces. They can coexist, as demonstrated by individuals who are deeply religious yet work in highly modern and scientific fields, such as petroleum engineers and brain surgeons.