Sejarah Hari Integrasi Timor Timur Diperingati Setiap 17 Juli | Tagar

Summary

This video highlights the history of East Timor's integration into Indonesia, commemorated every July 17. The script traces the colonial history of East Timor, from Portuguese control to the Japanese occupation during WWII. Following Indonesia's independence, political instability in Portugal led to a split in East Timor's factions. The video explains Indonesia's concerns about communism, the military intervention that resulted in East Timor's annexation, and its eventual status as Indonesia's 27th province. It also covers the 1999 referendum, which led to East Timor's independence and the creation of Timor-Leste.

Takeaways

• 😀 East Timor was colonized by the Portuguese starting in the 15th century, with the Dutch later controlling the western half of the island.
• 😀 The region experienced conflict between the Portuguese and the Dutch in the 17th century, leading to the division of the island.
• 😀 Japan took control of East Timor during World War II, but after Indonesia’s independence in 1945, Portugal returned to govern the region.
• 😀 In 1974, a political upheaval in Portugal led to the withdrawal of Portuguese forces from East Timor.
• 😀 After Portugal's withdrawal, East Timor was divided into three factions: UDT (pro-Portuguese), FRETILIN (pro-independence), and Apodeti (pro-joining Indonesia).
• 😀 Tensions between FRETILIN and UDT led to violence and a refugee crisis, with many Timorese fleeing to Indonesia.
• 😀 Indonesian President Suharto feared a communist East Timor and sought to prevent its influence from spreading into Indonesia.
• 😀 In December 1975, after a meeting between Indonesian President Suharto and U.S. President Gerald Ford, Indonesia launched a military invasion of East Timor (Operation Seroja).
• 😀 The military invasion was supported by U.S. weapons and led to the rapid occupation of East Timor by Indonesia.
• 😀 On July 17, 1976, East Timor was officially integrated into Indonesia as its 27th province, though the region faced years of conflict and resistance.
• 😀 After the fall of Suharto's regime in 1998, East Timor held a referendum in 1999, resulting in its independence and the formation of the nation of Timor-Leste.

Q & A

What is the significance of July 17th in the history of Timor Timur?

July 17th marks the day Timor Timur officially became part of Indonesia in 1976, after a military invasion and subsequent annexation. It is observed annually as the day of integration.

How did the Portuguese influence the history of Timor Timur?

The Portuguese first arrived in Timor Timur in the 15th century and established control over the region by the 17th century, later surrendering the western part of the island to the Dutch. This created a political division that contributed to Timor Timur’s distinct history.

What led to the division of Timor Timur in the 20th century?

Timor Timur was divided into three factions after the 1974 Portuguese revolution: Fretilin, UDT, and Apodeti. Fretilin wanted independence, UDT wanted to remain a Portuguese colony, and Apodeti wanted to join Indonesia. This division led to conflict and unrest in the region.

What role did the Indonesian government, under President Soeharto, play in the situation in Timor Timur?

President Soeharto's government was concerned that Timor Timur might become a communist state after the rise of Fretilin. In 1975, Indonesia launched a military invasion, supported by the U.S., to prevent this from happening and to annex the territory.

What was the result of the 1975 U.S.-Indonesia meeting in relation to Timor Timur?

The meeting between President Gerald Ford and President Soeharto in December 1975 resulted in the approval of a military invasion of Timor Timur, which led to Indonesia's annexation of the territory.

How did the United States assist Indonesia during the Timor Timur invasion?

The United States played a significant role by supplying weapons to the Indonesian military, helping to carry out the invasion and subsequent operations in Timor Timur.

What were the key outcomes of the military operations in Timor Timur in 1975-1976?

By December 7, 1975, the Indonesian military had gained control over Timor Timur, and by July 17, 1976, the territory was fully annexed, becoming Indonesia's 27th province.

What was the result of the 1999 referendum in Timor Timur?

The 1999 referendum led to Timor Timur's separation from Indonesia, and the region became an independent country known as Timor Leste.

Why did Indonesia launch the 'Operasi Komodo' in 1974?

Operasi Komodo was launched by Indonesia to gather intelligence on the political situation in Timor Timur, particularly concerning the influence of Fretilin, a communist-aligned group, which Indonesia feared would spread communist ideologies.

What were the main factions in Timor Timur after the Portuguese withdrawal, and what were their political goals?

The main factions were Fretilin (which sought independence), UDT (which wanted to maintain Portuguese colonial rule), and Apodeti (which wanted to join Indonesia). These factions fought for control over Timor Timur, leading to internal conflict.