How to make a DOOM CLONE in Unity || E1M5 Pick-ups and Billboards

Summary

本视频教程将指导观众如何为游戏角色创建三种可拾取物品：健康、护甲和弹药，并展示如何使用单一拾取脚本和对现有脚本的插槽修改来实现这一功能。接着，视频会介绍如何添加图形和实现广告牌效果，使用为该项目特别准备的免费资源。教程还会展示如何设置拾取物品的层级结构，添加必要的组件，编写脚本来检测玩家触发事件，并实现拾取物品对玩家健康、护甲和弹药的影响。此外，还会教授如何使用精灵和广告牌技术来增强视觉效果，最终将所有元素转化为预制件，方便在游戏世界中的部署。

Takeaways

• 😀 视频介绍了如何为游戏玩家创建三种可拾取物品：健康、护甲和弹药。
• 🛠️ 为了实现这一点，将使用一个拾取脚本和一些脚本插槽修改。
• 🎨 视频还涉及了如何添加图形和广告牌效果。
• 📚 项目中使用了一些免费的资源，这些资源可以在视频描述中的链接找到。
• 📦 在层级结构中创建一个空的游戏对象，并将其命名为“item pickup”。
• 🔍 为了分离逻辑和图形，向拾取对象添加一个3D对象作为子对象，用于视觉显示。
• 🧩 通过添加一个box collider组件并设置为触发器，来处理碰撞检测。
• 📝 创建并命名一个拾取脚本，用于检测玩家并根据拾取类型（健康、护甲或弹药）执行相应操作。
• 🔑 通过在拾取脚本中声明布尔值和整数来区分拾取类型和数量。
• 🔄 通过修改玩家健康脚本，实现增加健康和护甲的功能。
• 🔗 在枪械脚本中添加弹药变量和方法，以便拾取弹药时更新弹药数量。
• 🎭 使用精灵和广告牌技术，为拾取物品创建视觉效果，并确保它们面向玩家。

Q & A

视频教程中要创建的三个物品分别是什么？

视频教程中要创建的三个物品是生命值（health）、护甲（armor）和弹药（ammo）。

如何在游戏中设置物品拾取点？

在Unity的层级结构中创建一个新的空游戏对象，命名为物品拾取（item pickup），并将其变换重置到与玩家相同的位置。

为什么需要将逻辑和图形分开？

将逻辑和图形分开是一种好的实践，有助于代码的管理和维护，使得游戏对象的功能和外观更容易控制和修改。

如何为物品拾取点添加视觉效果？

在物品拾取点下添加一个新的3D对象作为子对象，这个子对象将作为拾取点的视觉效果。

为什么需要移除视觉效果的碰撞器？

因为视觉效果仅作为展示，所有的碰撞检测应该在根物品拾取对象上进行，这样可以避免不必要的碰撞干扰。

如何设置物品拾取点的碰撞器？

为物品拾取点添加一个组件，选择Box Collider，并设置为触发器（is Trigger），以便玩家可以进入触发区域。

如何检测玩家是否触发了物品拾取？

在物品拾取脚本中使用OnTriggerEnter函数，通过检测other（其他）碰撞器的标签是否为'player'来判断玩家是否触发了拾取。

如何为不同类型的拾取物品分配不同的变量和值？

在拾取脚本中声明三个public布尔变量分别代表生命值、护甲和弹药，以及一个public整型变量amount来表示拾取的数量。在Unity的检视器中为每个拾取点分配类型和数量。

如何通过拾取点脚本修改玩家的生命值和护甲值？

通过在拾取脚本中调用玩家健康组件的giveHealth和giveArmor函数，并传递拾取的数量和拾取点的游戏对象引用。

如何处理拾取点的销毁逻辑？

在拾取脚本中，如果玩家的生命值或护甲值小于最大值，就增加拾取的数量并销毁拾取点。如果达到最大值，则不销毁。

如何为弹药拾取点编写脚本？

需要在枪械脚本中添加一个giveAmmo函数，该函数接收弹药数量和拾取点的游戏对象引用，并根据弹药数量更新枪械的弹药变量。

如何将2D精灵图片设置为Sprite类型？

在Unity中选中精灵图片，然后在检视器中将纹理类型设置为Sprite 2D和UI，并应用更改。

如何创建一个简单的广告牌效果？

创建一个Sprite Rotator组件，该组件在Update函数中使用Transform的LookAt方法，使其始终面向玩家。

如何将物品拾取点转换为预制件？

在Unity中选中配置好的拾取点，重命名并设置其拾取类型和数量，然后拖拽到预制件文件夹中，使其成为预制件。

Outlines

00:00

😀 创建玩家可拾取道具

本段介绍了如何在游戏中创建玩家可以拾取的三种道具：生命值、护甲和弹药，以及它们的不同变体。目标是使用一个拾取脚本和一些脚本槽位修改来实现。接下来，视频中将展示如何添加图形和公告牌效果，并使用为该项目准备的免费资源。首先，通过在层级结构中创建一个新的空游戏对象并命名为“item pickup”，然后添加一个3D对象作为子对象来表示视觉效果。通过调整位置和大小，设置碰撞器，并编写脚本以检测玩家触发拾取事件，从而创建拾取道具。

05:02

🛠️ 拾取道具脚本编写与测试

这一部分详细说明了如何编写拾取道具的脚本，并通过Unity测试其功能。脚本中定义了布尔值和整数值来区分拾取道具的类型和数量。通过检测玩家标签，判断玩家是否触发了拾取，并在玩家生命值或护甲值低于最大值时，通过调用玩家健康脚本中的函数来增加生命值或护甲值，并销毁拾取道具。测试中发现，当玩家生命值已满时，拾取道具不应被销毁，因此对脚本进行了相应的调整。

10:02

🔄 弹药拾取与游戏对象引用

本段讲述了如何为弹药拾取编写脚本，并在Unity中进行测试。首先，需要获取玩家的枪械脚本组件，并调用一个新函数'give ammo'来增加弹药数量。在枪械脚本中，添加了弹药相关的变量和逻辑，确保在玩家弹药数小于最大弹药数时，可以通过拾取道具来增加弹药，并在弹药数超过最大值时停止增加。测试过程中，确保了拾取道具在玩家弹药已满时不会增加弹药，并且只有在玩家需要时才会销毁拾取道具。

15:03

🎨 制作与应用公告牌效果

这部分内容涉及了如何使用精灵图集来创建视觉效果，并为拾取道具添加公告牌效果。首先，在项目窗口中创建一个名为'sprites'的文件夹，并导入精灵图集。然后，为每个拾取道具创建一个3D四边形，并设置其为Sprite材质。通过为每个四边形分配不同的精灵图，创建了具有复古外观的拾取道具。接着，通过添加'sprite rotator'组件并编写脚本来实现公告牌效果，使得拾取道具始终面向玩家。最后，将拾取道具转换为预制件，以便在游戏世界中的任何位置快速使用。

🎬 结束语

视频的结尾部分，作者提醒观众保持关注，以便继续观看后续系列视频。

Keywords

💡拾取物品

拾取物品是游戏中常见的机制，允许玩家通过与游戏世界中的物体交互来获得奖励或能力提升。在视频中，制作者介绍了如何为玩家创建三种可拾取的物品：健康、护甲和弹药，并展示了如何通过脚本和游戏对象设置来实现这一功能。

💡游戏对象

游戏对象是Unity中用于构建游戏场景的基本单元，可以包含模型、动画、脚本等组件。视频中提到创建一个新的空游戏对象，并命名为'item pickup'，作为拾取物品的基础。

💡触发器

触发器（Trigger）是一种特殊的Unity Collider，用于检测游戏对象是否进入或离开某个区域，而不会实际阻止对象的移动。视频中通过将拾取物品的Collider设置为Trigger，使得玩家可以穿过拾取物品来触发事件。

💡脚本

脚本是Unity中用于控制游戏逻辑的代码文件。视频中提到创建并使用'item pickup'脚本来检测玩家是否触发了拾取物品，并根据拾取物品的类型（健康、护甲或弹药）来执行相应的逻辑。

💡玩家标签

在Unity中，标签（Tag）用于标识和分类游戏对象，便于脚本中进行识别和处理。视频中提到确保玩家对象被正确标记为'player'，以便脚本能够识别并触发拾取物品的效果。

💡公共变量

公共变量（Public Variables）是Unity脚本中可以被Unity编辑器直接访问和修改的变量。视频中通过在拾取物品脚本中声明公共布尔值和整数变量，允许在Unity编辑器中为不同类型的拾取物品分配不同的效果和数值。

💡组件

组件（Component）是附加到Unity游戏对象上的脚本或功能模块，如Collider、Script等。视频中多次提到添加组件，如为拾取物品添加Box Collider组件，以及为视觉对象添加Sprite Renderer组件。

💡精灵

精灵（Sprite）是2D图像，常用于制作游戏的视觉效果。视频中提到使用精灵作为拾取物品的视觉表现，并介绍了如何将精灵导入Unity、设置为Sprite类型，并应用到3D Quad上。

💡预制件

预制件（Prefab）是Unity中的一种资源，允许开发者创建可重复使用的游戏对象配置。视频中展示了如何将配置好的拾取物品转换为预制件，以便在游戏世界中快速部署。

💡精灵旋转器

精灵旋转器（Sprite Rotator）是视频中自定义的一个组件，用于实现精灵的billboard效果，即无论玩家从哪个角度观察，精灵始终面向玩家。这增强了游戏的视觉表现，使得拾取物品更加醒目。

Highlights

本视频将制作三种可拾取道具：生命值、护甲和弹药，尝试使用一个拾取脚本和一些插槽修改。

使用Unity中的空GameObject创建拾取道具，并将其命名为'item pickup'。

为拾取道具添加3D对象作为子对象，用于显示视觉效果。

拾取道具的视觉效果应放置在地面上并位于玩家前方。

为root item pickup对象添加box collider组件，设置为触发器。

编写item pickup脚本，用于检测玩家并响应拾取事件。

脚本中使用'OnTriggerEnter'函数来检测玩家是否触发拾取。

通过比较标签(tag)来确认触发拾取的是玩家。

声明三种公共布尔值变量，分别代表生命值、护甲和弹药拾取。

在拾取脚本中，根据拾取类型调用玩家健康脚本的'give health'或'give armor'函数。

为防止生命值或护甲超过最大值，设置检查并限制最大值。

在玩家健康脚本中，根据拾取道具的类型增加生命值或护甲值。

创建弹药拾取道具时，需要调用枪械脚本的'give ammo'函数。

在枪械脚本中添加弹药变量，并在射击时扣除弹药。

创建sprites文件夹，并将自定义的拾取道具图像导入Unity。

使用3D Quad替换默认的拾取道具视觉效果，并调整大小以匹配触发器。

为每个拾取道具的视觉效果添加sprite rotator组件，实现billboard效果。

将拾取道具和sprite rotator脚本转换为Prefab，方便在场景中复用。

最终，演示了如何将拾取道具放置在游戏场景中，并确保它们已经具备功能且外观良好。

Transcripts

hello everyone

in this video we'll be making pickup

items for our player we're going to have

three items that our player can pick up

that being health armor and ammo

and we'll have variations of each and

we'll try to do it all with one pickup

script

and some slot modifications to our

current scripts

we'll then get into adding some graphics

and a billboard effect

in this video we'll use some assets that

i threw together just for this project

and they're free for you to use also the

links in the description

so let's get to it

let us start by setting up one pickup in

the hierarchy we're going to create a

new empty game object

and we'll name it item pickup for now

reset is transformed so it's here at the

same spot as our player

it's good practice to separate out your

logic and graphics so on the item pickup

we're going to add a new 3d object as a

child

and this will be our visuals for the

time being

let's select the whole object and just

drag it up even with the ground

and in front of the player so we can see

it

we'll select the visual again and let's

just remove the collider

the visual is only a visual and any

collision detection going on will be on

our root item pickup object

so now let's just select it and we'll

add a component

and it'll be a box collider let's make

it a bit larger than the visual

so we'll say 2 on the x 2 on the y and 2

on the z

and since it's a trigger volume and we

don't want any

actual collision stopping us we'll take

this to

is trigger so now our player can enter

the trigger so let's add a script and

set up some detection

let's add a new component to our pickup

and it'll be a script that we name

item pickup and press enter twice or

click

create and add and let's move it into

the scripts folder

and then we'll double click it to open

it in visual studio

to detect the player we want to go

beneath this update and say

void on trigger enter and this takes him

a collider called other and then now

we'll use that to see if the player

has triggered it by saying if other dot

compare tag

and we'll use the tag player

and for this to work make sure your

player is still correctly tagged as

player

so starting simple if other is player

then we want to destroy the game object

now we can do a quick save and test in

unity

yep it appears to be working so as i

mentioned before we're gonna use the

script for our three main types of

pickups

up at the top i'm gonna declare three

public bulls

they're gonna be his health is armor

and is ammo and lastly we'll declare a

public int

and we're just going to call this amount

now we can use this script on multiple

pickups and we can assign what type and

value here in the inspector

now inside the if statement that checks

for our player we'll add three more to

check what type of pickup we have

and we'll be using if is health if is

armor and if is ammo

we'll deal with our health pick up first

if we navigate to our player and open

the player health script you'll see we

have what we need right here

we have our health variable and also we

have our armor variable

but also notice their protection level

is private so to modify these we'll do

it through a function that we call from

the pickup script

we can scroll down here to the bottom

and collapse the damaged player function

and beneath it we'll write out this new

function we'll say

public void give health and have it take

in an

end it will call amount and let's also

attend to the armor by

duplicating this function and instead

we're just going to call this one

give armor

since these are public we can now call

them from within the pickup script

but first we need to grab the player

health component we can do that by

saying

our other dot get component and we want

player health and now we can access the

function with dot

give health and for the amount we'll

pass in our pickup amount

and that's this guy here and we can copy

and paste this

into our if is armor and instead

we'll call the give armor function

now that should call one function or the

other depending on the pickup type

let's go back into the playerhealth

script and make these actually do

something

in the give health function we'll just

say health plus equals amount

for now and the same for armor only

armor plus equals amount instead and in

case our pickups increase our health

over our max health allowed then we'll

set our health back to our max health

and we'll do the same for armor

so now we can save and jump into unity

for a quick test

i'm going to set this pickup to be

health and the amount we'll use 30 to

test

and i'll duplicate it a couple of times

so now we can select our player

and go down to our player health script

and then the inspector will set this to

debug

so we can take a peek i'll hit play and

then i'm going to hit our

right shift that damages our player a

couple of times

so now you can see their health is down

to 60 so we go over our first pickup and

it goes to 90.

so we go to our second pickup and it

goes to 100

so it can't go over 100 that's good but

now when we go to our last pickup it

stays at 100 but the pickup

disappears so if we're at 100 we don't

want this pickup to be destroyed

i'm going to set this debug to normal

mode and then we'll jump back in our

scripts

so in our pickup script we're going to

remove this destroy game object

and instead we're going to have our

player health determine whether or not

the pickup gets destroyed

so in here instead of the amount being

added every time this function is called

we want to check if we even need

it so we can say if our health is less

than

max health then we want to add our

pickup amount to our health

then we know if we added the health then

we need to destroy the pickup but to

destroy it from here we need

a reference to it so where we pass in

the amount will also pass in a game

object

we'll call it pickup and then down here

we'll just say destroy

the pickup if we go back into our pickup

script now you'll notice that it's

complaining because this give health

call is now expecting a game object

so next to our amount we'll just type

game object

that's whatever object that the script

is attached to

so back in our player health we'll do

the same process for the give armor

function

we'll say if armor is less than max

armor

then we want our armor plus equal to our

mount

and then we want to also destroy a

pickup

and then up here next to our amount

we'll pass in

a game object called pickup and once

more inside of our pickup script

we'll pass in our game object

and just to be a little more clear we'll

say these are

this dot game object so now if we save

all of our scripts and go into unity and

play test

we'll make the same scenarios before and

you'll see that the third pickup no

longer disappears because we can't use

it and if i make an armor pick up real

quick you'll see that i can't actually

pick it up

until i damage the player first but that

reminds me

we don't want our player to start with

any armor so in our player health script

let's scroll up to our start function

and remove this line where it says set

armor to max armor

now we can save and start on our ammo

pickup

so for ammo it's similar to this git

component call but for our player health

it's on the root

for this we'll be needing our gun script

and as you can see

it's a child of our player so here we'll

say

other dot and we're looking for get

component in children

and the component we want is gun and

we'll call a similar function to these

others

but this one will name give ammo

and it's also going to take an amount

and it's going to pass in

this game object now let's create this

function in our gun script so we'll

navigate to our player

and the gun game object and double-click

our gun script to open it up

so we already have a fire rate and some

damage variables

but let's add an ammo variable beneath

the next time to fire we want a public

int

max ammo and a private int called ammo

next we want to move to our update and

in our if condition

we need to add in

and our ammo is greater than zero so

then you can fire if we have ammo and

then down

inside of our fire at the very end we'll

deduct our ammo

by saying ammo minus minus

and this will subtract one ammo now we

can collapse this fire method

and write our new function down below it

and since we know how this is structured

now we can just write it all out

we'll say public void and we're going to

say give

ammo and then it's going to be int

amount game object pickup

and then we're going to say if ammo is

less than max ammo

ammo plus equal amount and then we're

going to destroy

pickup and then we're going to say if

ammo

is greater than our max ammo then we

need to set ammo

equals max ammo

so if we save that and go check our

pickup script all of our functions are

happy

so we can go into unity and we're going

to finish off the system by setting our

max ammo and our gun script

and i'll just use 100 here

we'll start with just one pickup and

we'll make sure that all the variables

are zeroed out

now let's create a new folder inside of

our project window and we're gonna call

it sprites

and i'm gonna drag my sprotts in and

these are the ones from the link in the

description

but feel free to use your own

after i get them in here i'm going to

control click and select all of them

in the inspector i'm going to set the

texture type to sprite 2d and ui

and scroll down and click apply to

change them all

so on that first pickup we made let's

delete the visual we have now

and instead we'll add a 3d quad

we'll name this visual and remove its

collider as we did the cubes

and we'll scale it up a bit maybe two on

the x and two on the y

and now it kind of matches up with our

trigger volume

let's grab it and pull it out the ground

a little bit now that's the backbone of

all of our prefabs so let's duplicate

this six times

or however many sprites you're using i

agree this feels janky but i've had

trouble with quads and swapping

materials before

so each sprout is going to get its own

blank quad so once you have all of these

and they're spread out a bit we're going

to expand them all so we can see the

visual object

then we'll just select the first quad

visual

and for this one i'm going to use the

big med kit so i'm just going to drag

this

on and then here in the material i'm

going to change the shader

to sprite and default

then you pretty much just rinse and

repeat with all of your sprites

so on the smaller meg kit the scale is

just a little too big so i'm gonna go

ahead and change it to one

and one and then i also ended up doing

that

on the small armor and both of the ammo

pickups

so now we got some nice retro looking

pickups but now let's use billboarding

textures to make it more

doom-like so we're going to select one

of our visual quads

it doesn't matter which one and we're

going to add a component

and we're going to call it sprite

rotator

and then we'll just double click it open

it up making a basic billboard script is

really easy

in our update we're going to take this

transform and say

dot look at and this is a built-in unity

function that takes in a transform

we'll name ours the same as theirs with

target

and then at the top we'll declare a

private transform name

target and then in the start we'll

assign the target by finding our

player's transform by using

find object of type and then we'll look

for

player move since we know that's on our

player

and then we'll say dot transform

and that's pretty much it you can save

and go back into unity

now we can apply it to all the other

ones so we can hold ctrl and we'll

select

all the other visuals and then we'll

just hit add component

and then add our new sprite rotator

so this point in the video i realized

that the pickups that i was working on

was missing the pickup script so i'm

just going to select

all the pickups and i'm going to add the

pickup script to it

now we can finally turn these into

prefabs and doing so is a bit grindy but

pretty simple we'll select our first one

here

and what we need to do is name it we'll

name this one big meg kit

and then we'll pick what kind of pickup

it is and then i want this one set as

50. after that is pretty much copy and

paste

the small meg kit i used 10 for the big

armor

i used his armor and 25

and then for the small armor i used five

the big ammo

is ammo and it's set to 10 and the small

ammo i have set

to 5. now they're sorted out we can go

down in our project window and we're

going to move our sprite

rotator into the scripts folder and

we're going to go into the prefab folder

and we're going to create a new one

called pickups now let's use ctrl click

to select all of our prefabs here

and then inspector we're going to go and

we're going to reset the position

and then we'll drag h1 into our prefab

folder

and that will make them prefabs and once

it's a prefab you can delete it out of

the scene

and then you'll see that we're able to

just grab

any pickup we want and just slap it

anywhere we want in our game

and they're already functioning and they

look great

well that's about it for this video i

hope you stay tuned and catch more of

the series

spine camp out