SEJARAH PASEK GELGEL DIKUPAS DARI BABAD PASEK

Summary

The transcript outlines the historical events of Bali and Majapahit during the 14th century. It details the rise of Raja Sri Gajah Waktra in Bali, the conflict with Majapahit, and the introduction of Gajah Mada’s ‘Sumpah Palapa,’ which fueled tensions. Despite Bali’s initial resistance, Majapahit forces, led by Gajah Mada, eventually subdued the kingdom. The consequences of the war left Bali in turmoil, with local leaders like Ki Patih Ulung striving to restore order and stability. The narrative highlights the struggles for power, identity, and the lasting impact on Bali’s history and governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gusti Semaranata and Gusti Bendesa Mas were appointed as regional rulers in Bali by King Sri Gajah Waktra in 1335.
• 😀 The appointment of these rulers occurred on a Monday during the Sungsang planting season, in the year 1335.
• 😀 Gajah Mada, a high-ranking official in Majapahit, made the famous Palapa Oath, vowing not to rest until the entire Nusantara was unified under Majapahit rule.
• 😀 The Palapa Oath led to misunderstandings with neighboring kingdoms, including Bali, and strained relations with the Balinese royalty.
• 😀 King Sri Gajah Waktra of Bali opposed the Majapahit expansion and earned the title 'Bedahulu' due to differing political views.
• 😀 Tensions between Majapahit and Bali escalated, leading to military conflict, with Bali initially resisting Majapahit's attack due to strong defenses.
• 😀 In 1343, Majapahit launched a second attack on Bali, led by Gajah Mada, ultimately conquering the island after a large-scale battle and strategic maneuvers.
• 😀 After the conquest, the Balinese people remained loyal to their native leaders, including Ki Patih Ulung, who continued to command respect among the locals.
• 😀 Despite the defeat, many of the Arya appointed by Majapahit struggled to fully assert their control over Bali, with the island's people still mourning their lost king.
• 😀 Ki Patih Ulung, a descendant of the Sapta Resi, felt moral responsibility to restore order in Bali after the upheaval caused by the war and the absence of a strong ruler.

Q & A

Who was Gusti Semaranata and what was his role in the Balinese history?

Gusti Semaranata was a prominent figure in the Balinese kingdom, appointed as 'amancabumi' or regional ruler. He was entrusted with overseeing territories in Bali and surrounding areas during the reign of the Majapahit empire.

What was the significance of the Sumpah Palapa and how did it impact the relationship between Majapahit and Bali?

The Sumpah Palapa was a vow taken by Gajah Mada, the Mahapatih of Majapahit, to unite the entire Nusantara (Southeast Asia) under Majapahit rule. This vow was misunderstood as an expansionist policy, which caused tension and strained relations with the Balinese kings, including Sri Gajah Waktra.

What led to the first conflict between Majapahit and Bali?

The first conflict arose due to the differing political views between the Balinese rulers and Majapahit, following Gajah Mada's Sumpah Palapa. The Balinese king, Sri Gajah Waktra, resisted Majapahit's expansion, which led to hostility between the two kingdoms.

Why did the first invasion by Majapahit fail?

The first invasion failed due to the strong defenses of the Balinese kingdom and the resilience of the Balinese people, who fought fiercely to protect their land.

What strategy did Gajah Mada use during the second invasion of Bali?

During the second invasion, Gajah Mada employed deceitful tactics, using trickery and strategic maneuvers to defeat the Balinese forces and ultimately overpower the kingdom.

How did the Balinese forces react to the second invasion by Majapahit?

Despite the large-scale invasion, the Balinese forces initially put up a strong resistance, but eventually succumbed to the overwhelming force of Majapahit, which led to their defeat.

What happened to Ki Patih Ulung after the Balinese defeat?

Ki Patih Ulung, a descendant of the Sapta Resi and former administrator of the Balinese government, felt morally compelled to address the dire situation of the Balinese people after the defeat. He recognized the deep unrest and the disorganization of Bali under the new rule.

Why were the Arya appointed by Majapahit unable to fully control Bali?

The Arya, appointed by Majapahit to govern Bali, faced resentment from the Balinese people due to the lingering bitterness from the war. The local population still identified with their traditional leadership, particularly the family of Ki Patih Ulung, making it difficult for the Arya to establish full control.

What role did the traditional Balinese leadership play in the resistance against Majapahit?

The traditional leadership, represented by figures like Ki Patih Ulung and his relatives, played a crucial role in preserving Balinese resistance to Majapahit. They continued to inspire and lead the local population, maintaining the cultural and political identity of Bali even after the invasion.

How did the conflict between Majapahit and Bali affect the daily lives of the Balinese people?

The conflict left Bali in a state of disarray, with daily life disrupted by war and leadership changes. The Balinese people endured suffering and instability as they struggled to adapt to new rulers while mourning the loss of their former king, Sri Gajah Waktra.