How Brexit Caught Logistics Leaders by Surprise

SupplyChainBrain
1 Mar 202111:50

Summary

TLDRSusan Boylen,Gartner物流策略与运营团队的分析师,讨论了脱欧对物流的影响。她指出,尽管英国与欧盟达成了自由贸易协议,但原产地规则增加了复杂性,要求企业对产品进行分类以享受优惠关税。此外,脱欧导致劳动力市场变化,企业需要支付额外费用来吸引欧盟工人。海关清关和检查也成为挑战,导致运输能力紧缩和成本上升。Boylen建议企业访问gov.uk获取指导,并准备应对未来几个阶段的过渡问题。

Takeaways

  • 🇪🇺 脱欧后,英国与欧盟之间的自由贸易协议虽然避免了关税问题,但原产地规则的复杂性给许多组织带来了挑战。
  • 📦 产品分类和追踪的复杂性意味着一些组织可能更愿意支付关税,而不是处理复杂的原产地规则。
  • 🚚 脱欧导致英国的物流行业面临劳工短缺问题,特别是农业和服务业,因为欧盟劳工的引入现在涉及额外费用和复杂的移民程序。
  • 💷 成为移民赞助商需要支付高额费用,这对依赖季节性或长期欧盟劳工的物流操作来说是一个重大的经济负担。
  • 🛃 海关清关和检查成为脱欧后的一个主要问题,由于文件不正确,许多货物被搁置,导致运输能力和集装箱短缺。
  • 📈 由于海关清关的复杂性,欧盟货运代理开始拒绝英国业务,这导致运输成本上升,例如现货运费比2020年第三季度上涨了47%。
  • 🚛 英国脱欧导致运输路线的改变,一些公司避开英国大陆桥,选择直接航行到欧洲大陆的港口。
  • 🏭 物流基础设施可能受到影响,一些公司考虑将物流活动从英国迁移到欧洲大陆,例如使用比荷卢国家作为新的分销点。
  • 🔍 组织应该访问gov.uk网站,以获取有关如何管理产品分类和遵守海关规定的指导和工具。
  • ⏳ 脱欧后的过渡期预计将充满挑战,特别是随着三个关键时间节点的临近,这些时间节点标志着对不同类别商品的海关检查和清关要求的变更。

Q & A

  • 脱欧对物流行业的影响主要体现在哪些方面?

    -脱欧对物流行业的影响主要体现在关税和税收、移民政策、海关清关和检查、以及物流基础设施的迁移等方面。

  • 脱欧后,英国与欧盟之间的自由贸易协议对物流有何影响?

    -尽管自由贸易协议避免了关税问题,但原产地规则变得复杂,需要对产品进行分类以确保享受优惠关税和税收。

  • 为什么一些公司在脱欧后会感到关税和税收上的意外?

    -因为脱欧后的自由贸易协议虽然被认为避免了关税问题,但实际上原产地规则要求公司必须正确分类其产品,以确保符合优惠关税的条件,这增加了复杂性。

  • 脱欧后,英国的哪些行业首先面临挑战?

    -脱欧后,尤其是食品供应商因为产品易腐,需要快速移动,所以他们首先面临原产地规则的挑战。

  • 脱欧对英国的移民政策有何影响,特别是对物流行业?

    -脱欧后,从欧盟引进劳动力需要支付额外费用,并且有一系列的行政程序,这对物流行业尤其具有挑战性,因为他们通常依赖季节性或长期欧盟劳动力。

  • 脱欧后,英国物流行业是否面临劳动力短缺问题?

    -是的,脱欧后的行政程序和费用可能会造成物流行业的劳动力短缺,尤其是对于那些依赖欧盟劳动力的公司。

  • 脱欧后,海关清关和检查方面出现了哪些问题?

    -脱欧后,由于缺乏正确的海关清关申报和文件,五分之一的货物被搁置,导致运输能力和集装箱供应紧张。

  • 脱欧对运输成本有何影响?

    -脱欧导致运输成本上升,例如,与2020年第三季度相比,运输费用上涨了约47%。

  • 公司可以采取哪些措施来减轻脱欧带来的变化影响?

    -公司可以访问gov.uk网站获取关于如何管理产品分类和原产地规则的指导和工具,以更好地适应脱欧后的变化。

  • 脱欧是否会导致物流基础设施从英国迁移到欧洲大陆?

    -是的,一些公司为了避免跨境交通和脱欧带来的干扰,已经将原本服务于英国的物流基础设施转移到了欧盟的分销中心。

  • 脱欧过渡期结束后,物流行业面临的主要挑战是什么?

    -脱欧过渡期结束后,物流行业面临的主要挑战包括适应新的原产地规则、处理劳动力短缺问题、应对海关清关和检查的复杂性以及重新考虑物流网络设计。

Outlines

00:00

📊 脱欧对物流影响:关税和税收问题

Susan Boylen,Gartner物流战略与运营团队的分析师,与Rob讨论了脱欧对物流的影响。重点讨论了关税和税收问题,指出尽管脱欧协议被视为自由贸易协议,避免了关税问题,但原产地规则复杂性给许多组织带来了挑战。产品需要根据原产地规则进行分类,以确保符合自由贸易协议中的优惠关税和税收。这对于那些难以分类的产品(如鞋类、汽车、化学产品)尤其困难。一些组织认为追踪和分类货物的成本过高,选择支付关税。

05:01

👨‍🔬 脱欧后移民政策对物流行业的影响

讨论了脱欧后移民政策变化对物流行业的影响,特别是对英国农业和服务业的劳动力来源。脱欧后,从欧盟引进劳动力需要支付额外费用,包括成为移民赞助商的费用以及每位引进人员的费用。这对物流公司来说是一个重大的额外成本,可能导致劳动力短缺。此外,还提到了脱欧后海关清关和检查的问题,包括由于清关文件不正确导致的运输能力紧缩,以及欧盟货运代理拒绝英国业务的情况。

10:04

🚚 物流行业如何应对脱欧带来的变化

Susan Boylen和Rob讨论了物流行业如何应对脱欧带来的变化。提到了一些公司正在避免使用英国作为物流基础设施,而是选择将物流转移到欧洲大陆,例如使用Benelux国家作为分销点。一些公司已经决定将原本服务于英国和欧盟的分销中心转移到欧盟,以避免跨境交通带来的干扰。此外,还提到了北爱尔兰的特殊情况,以及脱欧过渡期带来的挑战。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡脱欧

脱欧指的是英国脱离欧洲联盟的政治和经济联盟。视频中提到脱欧对物流行业产生了重大影响,包括关税、税收、移民政策等方面的变化。例如,脱欧后英国与欧盟之间的贸易协议被看作是自由贸易协议,但原产地规则使得许多组织面临贸易和关税的挑战。

💡物流

物流是指商品从生产地到消费地的整个运输和分配过程。视频中讨论了脱欧对物流行业的影响,包括关税和税收的复杂性、移民政策变化对劳动力的影响,以及海关清关和检查的挑战。

💡关税

关税是指对进口商品征收的税。视频中提到,尽管脱欧后达成的自由贸易协议避免了关税问题,但原产地规则使得企业必须重新分类其产品以符合优惠关税条件,增加了复杂性。

💡原产地规则

原产地规则是指确定商品是否符合特定贸易协议中规定的优惠关税条件的标准。视频中提到,脱欧后企业需要根据原产地规则对产品进行分类,以确保享受自由贸易协议中的优惠关税和税收。

💡移民

移民政策的变化是脱欧后英国面临的一个重大变化。视频中提到,脱欧后从欧盟引进劳动力的成本增加,包括成为移民赞助商的费用和为每位引进的欧盟工人支付的费用。

💡海关清关

海关清关是指进口商品在进入一个国家时必须经过的官方程序,包括申报、检查和缴纳关税等。视频中提到,脱欧后海关清关变得更加复杂,导致了运输能力紧缩和成本上升。

💡运输能力

运输能力指的是运输服务能够承载的货物量。视频中提到,由于海关清关的复杂性,导致运输能力紧缩,影响了商品的运输和分配。

💡供应链

供应链是指从原材料采购到最终产品交付给消费者的整个流程。视频中提到,脱欧后的变化对供应链产生了影响,包括产品分类的复杂性、劳动力成本的增加和运输能力的紧缩。

💡自由贸易协议

自由贸易协议是指两个或多个国家之间达成的协议,旨在减少或消除贸易壁垒,如关税和配额。视频中提到,尽管脱欧后达成了自由贸易协议,但原产地规则和海关清关的复杂性使得企业面临挑战。

💡网络设计

网络设计涉及企业如何规划其生产、仓储和分销设施的布局。视频中提到,脱欧后,一些企业正在重新考虑其网络设计,以避免英国脱欧带来的跨境交通和混乱。

💡运输成本

运输成本是指将商品从一个地点运输到另一个地点所需的费用。视频中提到,脱欧后由于海关清关和检查的复杂性,运输成本上升,影响了企业的物流成本。

Highlights

脱欧对物流影响的讨论,Susan Boylen作为Gartner物流战略和运营团队的分析师参与了对话。

脱欧后关税和税收问题成为企业的一大挑战,由于规则的起源问题,许多企业感到意外。

尽管达成了自由贸易协议,但规则的起源导致必须对产品进行分类以确定是否符合优惠关税。

产品的复杂性使得正确分类并符合自由贸易协议中的优惠目标变得困难。

一些组织因为分类成本过高而选择支付关税。

脱欧导致英国不再属于欧盟,对食品供应商尤其是易腐食品供应商造成重大影响。

脱欧后,英国的移民政策变化,对技能工人的引进产生了额外费用和复杂性。

成为移民赞助商需要支付费用,且引进每位欧盟劳工还需支付额外费用。

物流行业可能会因为移民政策的变化而面临劳动力短缺问题。

脱欧导致海关清关和检查成为一大难题,许多货物因文件不全而被搁置。

由于海关清关的复杂性,许多欧盟货运代理拒绝接受英国业务。

脱欧导致运输成本上升,对产品运输和供应链造成干扰。

公司可以采取一些措施来缓解脱欧带来的变化,如利用gov.uk网站提供的指导和工具。

脱欧导致英国和欧盟之间的货物运输量减少,一些公司选择绕行英国。

一些公司为了避免跨境交通和脱欧带来的干扰,正在重新考虑其物流基础设施和网络设计。

脱欧对物流行业的影响是深远的,包括运输成本上升、劳动力短缺和海关清关的复杂性。

Transcripts

play00:00

[Music]

play00:07

the impact of brexit on logistics

play00:09

is the topic of my conversation today

play00:11

with susan boylen

play00:12

she is director analyst with the

play00:14

logistics strategy and operations team

play00:16

at gartner

play00:17

hello susan how are you hello rob i'm

play00:21

good

play00:21

um i'm really good today thank you

play00:24

there's several key areas that i want to

play00:26

explore with you in the few minutes that

play00:27

we have together with regard to the

play00:29

impact of brexit

play00:30

on logistics and trade and the like i

play00:32

want to start with tariffs and taxes

play00:34

that's a big one right all of a sudden

play00:36

there's going to be a big surprise by

play00:38

companies that were not prepared for

play00:39

this but

play00:40

just give me a rough sense of how that's

play00:42

going to that world is going to change

play00:46

um the real issue i suppose is

play00:49

you know when the agreement came to came

play00:51

to be on the 24th of december

play00:53

it was hailed as a free trade agreement

play00:56

um and there was lots

play00:57

there was palpable size of relief across

play01:00

you know organizations not just

play01:01

logistics not just freight forwarding

play01:03

um but shippers also thinking okay we've

play01:06

avoided

play01:07

that nasty thorny issue of tariffs and

play01:10

trades

play01:11

unfortunately the rule of origin is an

play01:13

area that's cut a lot of organizations

play01:16

out in terms of trades and tariffs and

play01:18

therefore

play01:19

you now have to classify your products

play01:22

by their rules of origin and make sure

play01:25

that

play01:26

they qualify for these preferential

play01:28

tariffs and taxes that have come out as

play01:30

part of the free trade agreement

play01:32

the issue here um rob is complexity of

play01:35

product

play01:37

okay so if it's a straightforward

play01:38

quantity and finished goods is fairly

play01:40

easy

play01:40

easily handled if you're transforming it

play01:42

to a certain degree depending on the

play01:44

components of the product

play01:46

and it will may or may not qualify for

play01:48

the print

play01:49

preferential targets within the free

play01:51

trade agreement

play01:53

some are some products are actually

play01:56

classified

play01:57

by the gov dot uk website as hard to

play01:59

classify

play02:00

items footwear automotive you know

play02:03

chemical products anything with any kind

play02:05

of synthesis is going to be very very

play02:07

difficult

play02:08

to classify correctly and with

play02:11

absolute traceability and understanding

play02:13

where your products have come from

play02:15

so while organizations were delighted

play02:18

that the free trade agreement had been

play02:19

struck

play02:20

the onion peeling element of this this

play02:22

breaks a deal or this move now into um

play02:25

the uk no longer being part of the eu

play02:27

has cut an awful lot of

play02:28

particularly food suppliers because they

play02:30

were particularly perishable food

play02:32

suppliers

play02:32

they were hit first and hardest because

play02:34

they're moving product

play02:36

um in a swifter way rather than

play02:38

buffering stock so as

play02:40

stocks are depleted more and more

play02:42

organizations are going to be faced with

play02:43

the rule of origin challenge

play02:45

so it's certainly not straightforward

play02:48

it's certainly complex

play02:50

some organizations have decided that in

play02:53

tracing

play02:54

the classification of their goods is far

play02:57

too costly far too complicated

play03:00

and what they're better off doing is

play03:01

just paying the tariff

play03:03

okay originally thought

play03:07

companies really have to do their

play03:08

homework on this particular issue

play03:10

indeed what about the issue of

play03:12

immigration as

play03:13

as it relates to skilled workers another

play03:16

big change

play03:17

indeed and particularly this when i'm

play03:20

speaking to clients has caught an awful

play03:22

lot of organizations

play03:23

as well by surprise they're not really

play03:25

that aware of it so if you're

play03:27

sourcing labor and particularly within

play03:29

the agri-said

play03:30

sector of the uk and services sector of

play03:33

the uk

play03:34

if you're sourcing eu labor for

play03:36

seasonality or for long-term prospects

play03:40

there are a suite of charges that come

play03:42

now with facilitating that

play03:44

so first of all you have to be an

play03:45

immigration sponsor there's a

play03:47

fee attached to that i believe it's 1456

play03:50

pound sterling

play03:51

just to become an immigrant sponsor

play03:54

should you want to source your eu

play03:56

your labor from the eu and a lot of

play03:59

warehousing and logistics operations do

play04:01

that

play04:02

um both in the uk and here now but it's

play04:04

particularly relevant for the uk

play04:06

um you're going to pay a thousand pounds

play04:08

sterling

play04:09

for each person that you bring in now

play04:11

post the first of january

play04:13

for organizations particularly logistics

play04:16

that are operating on

play04:17

very tight operational budgets that's a

play04:20

lot of money

play04:21

that's a lot of overhead that's a lot of

play04:22

costs they wouldn't have potentially

play04:24

factored into their budgets

play04:26

and that would 1000 pounds sterling only

play04:28

lasts for the first year

play04:29

every six months subsequently after that

play04:31

it's 500 pounds sterling

play04:33

so again if you're sourcing maybe 9

play04:36

900 seasonal labor and coming in from

play04:39

the eu from an aggregate

play04:40

set an aggregate sector perspective or a

play04:42

service and sector perspective

play04:44

that's going to that could be the

play04:46

tipping point between deciding to go to

play04:47

your eu labor and the real

play04:49

piece then is will there be shortages

play04:51

within the logistics industry yeah i

play04:52

would think that these are essential

play04:54

essential workers you need to bring them

play04:56

in because what are you going to replace

play04:57

them with

play04:58

so you've got to go through the whole

play05:00

process

play05:01

and this is this is the conundrum and

play05:03

what you know shocked a lot of

play05:05

a lot of clients that i've spoken to

play05:07

about it you know they just weren't

play05:08

prepared

play05:09

a for the bureaucracy and if you have

play05:12

settled workers who are

play05:13

not uk nationals and are eu originally

play05:16

sourced

play05:18

and they must apply for the eu

play05:19

settlements game by june the 30th or

play05:21

they can no longer work for you so

play05:23

there's a lot of bureaucracy there's a

play05:25

lot of administration rob going on

play05:27

that organizations are only getting

play05:29

visibility about

play05:30

now well okay customs clearance and

play05:33

inspections

play05:34

this is another big headache potentially

play05:36

tell me about that

play05:38

indeed um and i read an interesting

play05:41

statistic rob the other day that

play05:42

one in five um consignments or trailers

play05:45

is being sidelined because they don't

play05:47

have the correct customs clearance

play05:48

declarations

play05:49

and the correct customs clearance

play05:50

paperwork um that's

play05:52

a big um capacity crunch on

play05:55

transport availability and container

play05:57

availability

play05:59

um and i've also read an article

play06:01

recently that there has been a big

play06:03

uptick in eu

play06:04

freight forwarders declining uk business

play06:07

because of the complications around the

play06:09

customs clearance piece

play06:11

around the complications of the team

play06:13

ones where you have to have the

play06:14

guarantees for vat

play06:15

and tariffs so now what we're seeing is

play06:18

a

play06:18

real capacity crunch for bringing

play06:21

product to the uk but the flip side of

play06:23

that rob

play06:24

is that there is then coming back to

play06:26

europe that also shrinks the capacity

play06:28

and the availability there

play06:30

so i read a an art there that told me

play06:32

that

play06:33

outlined that spot rates were up

play06:35

something like 47 percent

play06:37

compared to q3 in 2020.

play06:41

for transportation transportation

play06:44

yeah yeah for freight okay so again

play06:49

not being able to move your product

play06:51

increase lead times

play06:52

additional cost it's pure disruption at

play06:55

the moment unfortunately

play06:57

are there steps that companies can take

play06:58

to mitigate the impact of these changes

play07:02

i'd love to have the silver bullet

play07:04

answer rob i really would but

play07:06

there's so much happening on the macro

play07:07

level that you know organizations

play07:10

organizations that were dealing with

play07:11

global trade seem to have handled the

play07:13

rules of origin peace so much better

play07:15

because it was part of their data

play07:17

operations and they under

play07:19

understood it if you were working in

play07:21

that eu and trading and transporting

play07:23

product

play07:23

in that eu bubble um of which the uk

play07:27

was a part then it's come as a complete

play07:30

shock

play07:31

so again you know some connections it

play07:33

depends

play07:34

i do find the gov dot uk website very

play07:36

very good in terms of giving good

play07:38

guardrails and good guidance around

play07:40

you know how to manage your

play07:41

classifications all of those pieces so

play07:43

again

play07:44

go to your gov uk website and you know

play07:47

access the the many many tools that are

play07:49

there to try and help you

play07:50

in terms of the uk the reluctance to go

play07:54

to the uk from eu freight forwarders and

play07:56

drivers

play07:57

drivers as well also rob they don't want

play07:59

to go because it's two they're sitting

play08:01

waiting for hours to be processed

play08:03

through the customs clearance i you know

play08:06

unless

play08:06

the um the customs clearance checks

play08:09

speed up their processes

play08:11

and make them simpler and you know as

play08:13

organizations come more

play08:14

become more used to the customs

play08:16

clearance piece it may um

play08:19

it may settle down a little but not in

play08:21

the immediate future

play08:22

and then of course we have the two-tier

play08:24

um piece or the two process piece

play08:26

where the eu brought in full goods

play08:29

inspections full customs clearance

play08:30

checks

play08:31

the full suite bells and whistles of not

play08:34

the uk no longer being in the eu

play08:36

whereas the uk decided to go for a soft

play08:38

landing approach

play08:39

and there's three particular windows so

play08:41

if you're in controlled substances

play08:43

in that vertical your all of your

play08:45

customs clearance declarations and

play08:47

checks and goods inspections came in on

play08:49

the first of january

play08:50

for products of plant and origin it's

play08:52

the first of april after everything else

play08:54

it's the first of june

play08:56

so i anticipate bumpy roads ahead

play08:59

particularly across across those three

play09:01

timelines

play09:03

for northern ireland there's got the

play09:04

march deadline is the period where the

play09:06

period of grace ends so

play09:08

again you've got to navigate it as best

play09:11

you can

play09:12

because enough a lot of the influencing

play09:13

factors are macro and they're not

play09:15

something that is of your doing

play09:17

as a freight forwarder as a shipper or

play09:19

as a transport organization

play09:22

do you think the uk stands to lose some

play09:24

logistics infrastructure

play09:26

because of all these problems that we'll

play09:28

see more of a migration of logistics to

play09:31

the continent cutting out the uk

play09:32

altogether

play09:33

and using the benelux countries for

play09:36

instance as distribution points of

play09:38

course they have been all these years

play09:39

quite strongly will they even profit

play09:42

more from this change and cut out more

play09:44

uk

play09:45

activity there's a couple of pieces

play09:47

there rob to be honest there's a lot of

play09:49

um avoidance i believe that um

play09:52

ferry uh traffic and transport from

play09:54

ireland to use the uk land bridge um

play09:57

back and forth has decreased by 47

play09:59

percent

play10:00

there's a huge optic and increased root

play10:03

sailings between

play10:04

cork rossler and dublin to um rotterdam

play10:08

lahar and bilbao so they have already

play10:11

started to

play10:13

circumvent the uk land bridge which is a

play10:15

shame because it is the

play10:16

speediest way to get your product to

play10:17

mainland europe um

play10:20

in terms of that piece yes i see an

play10:22

avoidance of going to the uk

play10:24

i've spoken to clients who have decided

play10:27

from their distribution center

play10:28

perspective

play10:29

just to have it serve the uk and they

play10:32

have redistributed whatever you know

play10:34

there's a lot of distribution

play10:35

centers that did um support the eu

play10:38

business and the eu network design

play10:40

now we see organizations moving

play10:43

their whatever was being serviced from

play10:45

the uk to the eu

play10:46

into their eu distribution centers and

play10:49

just having uk distribution centers

play10:51

to facilitate the uk to avoid all of

play10:53

that cross-border traffic and the

play10:55

disruption that's coming with us

play10:56

so yes we're seeing a significant shift

play10:59

in

play11:00

terms of where network design

play11:02

particularly around distribution centers

play11:03

warehousing and how the transport is

play11:05

moving

play11:05

avoiding that uk land bridge at the

play11:07

moment well

play11:08

considering how long we went through

play11:10

this period of transitional pain

play11:12

as they attempted to negotiate these

play11:14

brexit exit strategies

play11:16

i'm kind of surprised that companies are

play11:18

caught uh so unawares and yet

play11:20

susan boylan of gartner you've done a

play11:22

great service to us all by helping us to

play11:25

wake up and understand what some of the

play11:26

big considerations

play11:27

are where companies need to go to get

play11:30

this information and get in line for the

play11:31

next three phases of this

play11:33

of this transition thank you so much

play11:37

thanks so much for joining me today i

play11:38

really appreciate your time robert

play11:40

you're very very welcome pleasure to

play11:42

speak to you today

play11:43

take care

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
脱欧影响物流策略关税税收产品分类移民政策劳工短缺海关清关运输成本网络设计行业分析
Do you need a summary in English?