Formação de palavras: outros processos – Língua Portuguesa – 8º ano – Ensino Fundamental

Summary

This lesson explores the dynamic processes of word formation in Portuguese, emphasizing how language evolves through creative use by speakers. Topics include hybridism, where words are formed by combining parts from different languages; foreignism, the incorporation of foreign terms due to cultural and technological changes; and neologism, the creation of new words. The transcript also discusses abbreviations, acronyms, and the processes of combination and intensification, showing how language adapts to meet the needs of communication. These processes highlight the fluidity and constant evolution of the language.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hybridism (Hibridismo) occurs when words from different languages combine, such as 'televisão' (television) which blends Greek and Latin roots.
• 😀 Foreignism (Estrangeirismo) refers to the natural incorporation of foreign words into Portuguese, like 'shopping center', often due to globalization and technological needs.
• 😀 Neologism (Neologismo) is the creation of new words or meanings to address new communication needs, such as 'linkar' (to link) from English.
• 😀 Abbreviation (Abreviatura) involves reducing words using parts of the original, like 'v.ex.ª' for 'vossa excelência' or 'pneu' for 'pneumático'.
• 😀 Acronyms (Siglas) are formed by the initials of each word in a phrase, like 'ONU' (United Nations) or 'IBGE' (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).
• 😀 Combination (Combinação) is a process where parts of existing words are rearranged to create new terms, such as 'portunhol' (a mix of Portuguese and Spanish).
• 😀 Intensification (Intensificação) is the expansion or modification of a word's form, such as 'inicializar' (to initialize) formed from 'iniciar' (to begin).
• 😀 The speaker plays a crucial role in language evolution, with creative language use and communication needs driving changes in the linguistic system.
• 😀 Language evolves continuously through the needs of its speakers, with some changes being so significant that people believe new words have always existed.
• 😀 New words often pass through stages of adaptation and acceptance before they are included in dictionaries and become established parts of the language.

Q & A

What is the process of 'hibridismo' in Portuguese word formation?

Hibridismo is the process of combining parts of words from different languages to create a new word. For example, 'televisão' combines the Greek word 'tele' (meaning far) and the Latin word 'visão' (meaning sight).

How does 'estrangeirismo' differ from 'hibridismo'?

Estrangeirismo involves the incorporation of foreign words into Portuguese, often due to cultural, technological, or economic influences, like 'shopping center'. In contrast, hibridismo involves blending elements from different languages to form a new word.

Can you give an example of 'neologismo' and explain its formation?

Neologismo refers to the creation of new words or new meanings for existing words. An example is the verb 'linkar', derived from the English word 'link', created to describe the action of linking something, especially in a digital context.

What are the main differences between 'abreviatura' and 'abreviação'?

Abreviatura involves reducing a word by taking specific letters from its original form (e.g., 'V.Exa.' for 'Vossa Excelência'). Abreviação, on the other hand, refers to the shortening of a word, often eliminating syllables (e.g., 'pneu' from 'pneumático').

What is a 'sigla' in Portuguese, and how does it differ from abbreviations?

A 'sigla' is an acronym formed by the initials of each word in a multi-word term, like 'ONU' for 'Organização das Nações Unidas'. Unlike abbreviations, which shorten words, a sigla forms a new word by using only the initials.

How does the process of 'combinação' create new words?

Combinação involves creating new words by combining parts of existing words. For example, 'portunhol' is a combination of 'português' and 'espanhol', referring to a mixture of Portuguese and Spanish.

What is 'intensificação' in word formation?

Intensificação is the process of expanding a word by adding suffixes to form a new meaning. For instance, 'inicializar' comes from 'iniciar', meaning to start, especially used in computing when referring to starting up a system.

How do foreign words become part of the Portuguese language through 'estrangeirismo'?

Foreign words enter Portuguese through 'estrangeirismo' as a result of cultural exchange, globalization, or technological needs. Words like 'shopping center' are used because there is no equivalent in Portuguese that fully captures the same concept.

What role do speakers of a language play in the transformation of words?

Speakers of a language drive the transformation of words through their creative use of language. The need for communication, new technologies, or cultural changes often leads to the creation of new words or adaptations of existing ones.

Why might some people feel that 'estrangeirismo' harms the Portuguese language?

Some people believe that 'estrangeirismo' dilutes the purity of the Portuguese language by introducing words from other languages. However, others argue that it reflects the dynamic, evolving nature of language, influenced by global communication and cultural exchange.