Organisasi Komputer : Struktur CPU

Summary

This lecture on the Central Processing Unit (CPU) covers its key components and their functions, including the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), Control Unit, and Registers. The CPU's primary role in processing data and executing machine instructions is explained, along with the internal architecture and connections that enable its operations. Emphasis is placed on how the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions in a cycle, and how its various units work in synchrony to process data efficiently. The lecture also details the importance of registers and the CPU's role in controlling and coordinating the entire computer system.

Takeaways

• 😀 The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the most important component in a computer, responsible for data processing and executing instructions.
• 😀 The CPU consists of three main components: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit, and Registers.
• 😀 The ALU handles arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, and comparisons, and is often referred to as the 'machine language processor'.
• 😀 The Control Unit manages the operations of the CPU, synchronizing the components and ensuring instructions are executed in the correct sequence.
• 😀 Registers are temporary storage units in the CPU that hold data and operands for processing, improving computational speed.
• 😀 The ALU includes subcomponents like Status Flags, Shifters, and Complements, each playing a role in managing the results of operations.
• 😀 The Control Unit is responsible for fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing them while coordinating the CPU’s overall operation.
• 😀 Data is transferred between the CPU and memory, as well as between the CPU and external input/output devices, via an interconnection system.
• 😀 The CPU operates on a cycle involving two main phases: Fetch (getting instructions from memory) and Execute (carrying out the instructions).
• 😀 The Fetch-Execute Cycle begins by retrieving an instruction, checking its validity, executing the operation, and then moving to the next instruction if necessary.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the CPU in a computer?

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component in a computer responsible for processing data and executing instructions. Without it, the computer cannot function.

What are the main components of the CPU discussed in the lecture?

The main components of the CPU discussed are the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Registers.

What is the role of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

The ALU performs all arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU. It handles tasks like addition, subtraction, and logical comparisons, executing machine-level instructions.

What is the function of the Status Flags in the ALU?

The Status Flags provide information about the result of an operation, indicating if the result is positive, negative, zero, or if there was an overflow.

How does the Shifter in the ALU function?

The Shifter in the ALU is responsible for shifting data bits to the left or right, which is useful in certain arithmetic and logical operations.

What is the role of the Control Unit (CU) in the CPU?

The Control Unit controls the overall operation of the CPU by managing the flow of instructions and data. It decodes instructions and coordinates the execution of operations between the ALU, registers, and memory.

What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC)?

The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of the address of the next instruction to be executed by the CPU. It automatically increments after each instruction is fetched.

What are Registers in the CPU, and what is their function?

Registers are small, high-speed storage locations within the CPU. They temporarily hold data, instructions, and addresses during processing, speeding up operations by reducing the need to access slower memory.

What is the difference between the Fetch and Execute cycles in the instruction cycle?

The Fetch cycle involves retrieving an instruction from memory, while the Execute cycle involves decoding and performing the operation specified by the instruction.

How does the CPU determine what operation to perform during instruction execution?

During execution, the Control Unit decodes the instruction and determines the required operation (such as addition or logical comparison) based on the instruction type. The ALU then performs the operation and stores the result in a register.