CONCURSO CORREIOS 2024 | NOÇÕES DE CARTOGRAFIA | ORIENTAÇÃO AULA 01

Summary

This lesson focuses on the basics of orientation and cartography for competitive exam preparation, especially for the Correios 2024 exam. It explains the difference between orientation and location, introduces the cardinal and intercardinal points, and covers the use of the compass and the Sun’s movement for determining directions. The lesson also highlights essential terminology, such as 'oriental' for East and 'setentrional' for North, and discusses how to use the Southern Cross constellation for orientation. Practical tips are provided for solving exam questions on direction and regions, ensuring effective preparation for map-related problems in the exam.

Takeaways

• 😀 Orientation is different from location: orientation refers to direction, while location refers to the exact geographical coordinates.
• 😀 The main cardinal points are North, East, South, and West. These are used to determine general directions.
• 😀 Intercardinal points are formed by combining cardinal points, such as Northeast (NE), Southeast (SE), Southwest (SW), and Northwest (NW).
• 😀 The orientation system is based on the apparent movement of the Sun, with the Sun rising in the East and setting in the West.
• 😀 The compass, invented by the Chinese, is one of the most famous tools used for orientation, using Earth's magnetic field to point North.
• 😀 The Earth’s rotation causes the apparent movement of the Sun, which helps determine directions (e.g., East and West).
• 😀 The terms ‘Oriente’ (East) and ‘Ocidente’ (West) are used to describe geographical regions, such as the Eastern and Western worlds.
• 😀 North is referred to as ‘Setentrional’ or ‘Boreal,’ while South is called ‘Meridional’ or ‘Austral,’ which also refers to phenomena like the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis.
• 😀 The Southern Cross constellation (Cruzeiro do Sul) is a tool for orientation in the Southern Hemisphere, helping to locate South.
• 😀 In exams, students may need to identify directions on maps using a Rose of the Winds, indicating the cardinal and intercardinal directions for various locations.

Q & A

What is the difference between orientation and location in geography?

Orientation refers to understanding the general direction (north, south, east, west) in the geographic space, while location refers to the exact point on Earth, determined by coordinates like latitude and longitude.

What tool is commonly used for orientation in geography?

The commonly used tool for orientation is the compass (Bússola), which uses a magnetic needle to point to the North and helps determine other directions.

How are the cardinal points determined?

Cardinal points (north, south, east, west) are determined based on the apparent movement of the Sun. The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West, which helps establish these directions.

What is the wind rose (Rosa dos Ventos) and what does it represent?

The wind rose is a diagram that indicates the cardinal (north, south, east, west) and intercardinal (northeast, southeast, southwest, northwest) directions, helping people orient themselves in space.

What are the terms used to refer to the north and south in geography?

In geographical terms, the north is called Setentrional or Boreal, while the south is referred to as Meridional or Austral.

What historical tool was invented to aid in orientation during the Age of Exploration?

The astrolabe was invented by the Portuguese during the Age of Exploration. It was used to assist in orientation and navigation by measuring the position of stars.

How does the compass (Bússola) work to point towards the North?

The compass works by using a magnetic needle that aligns with Earth's magnetic field, which points toward the geographic North Pole.

How can the Cruzeiro do Sul (Southern Cross) aid in orientation?

The Cruzeiro do Sul constellation can be used to locate directions, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, helping navigators determine north, south, east, and west.

What are the regions of Brazil that could be identified using the orientation concept?

Brazil is divided into regions such as the Northeast, Southeast, South, North, and Center-West, all of which can be identified using the cardinal and intercardinal directions.

How can one apply the orientation concept in a geographical exercise or map?

In a geographical exercise, one can use the wind rose to determine the correct direction (north, south, east, west, or intercardinal points) by positioning the rose next to the map or city layout.