Struktur dan Fungsi Karbohidrat | Biomolekul #2

Summary

This video provides an in-depth look at the structure and functions of carbohydrates, explaining their role as essential biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The script covers the different types of carbohydrates, from simple sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides) to more complex forms (oligosaccharides, polysaccharides). It highlights their diverse functions, such as energy storage in starch and glycogen, and structural support in cellulose and chitin. The video also explores how carbohydrates are found in nature and their significance to both plants and animals, making it a comprehensive guide to understanding these vital compounds.

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Q & A

What are carbohydrates and what elements do they consist of?

Carbohydrates are biomolecules made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), with the general chemical formula (CH2O)n.

What is the simplest form of carbohydrate?

The simplest form of carbohydrate is monosaccharides, which consist of only one unit of sugar.

Can you give examples of monosaccharides found in the body?

Examples of monosaccharides found in the body include ribose, deoxyribose, fructose, glucose, and galactose.

How are disaccharides formed?

Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides combine through a glycosidic bond. Examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose) and lactose (glucose + galactose).

What are oligosaccharides and where are they found?

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 sugar units, and they are commonly found on the surface of cell membranes, playing a role in cell recognition.

What are polysaccharides and what functions do they serve in the body?

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates consisting of hundreds to thousands of sugar units. They serve primarily as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., cellulose and chitin).

What is the function of starch in plants?

Starch acts as the energy reserve for plants, stored as a result of photosynthesis. It can be consumed by animals and humans as a source of energy.

What is glycogen and where is it stored in the body?

Glycogen is a large molecule formed by many glucose units, stored in the liver and muscles as a readily available energy reserve.

Why is cellulose important in plants, and how does it affect human digestion?

Cellulose is a key structural component in plant cell walls, providing strength. While humans cannot digest cellulose directly, it plays a vital role as dietary fiber, aiding digestion.

What role does chitin play in the animal kingdom?

Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods (such as insects and crustaceans), providing structural support and protection.