Dinasti Fathimiyah, Kerajaan Syiah Terbesar, Ternyata Dokrin Ini Yang Mengakibatkan Banyak Pengikut

Summary

The Fatimid Dynasty was a Shiite Islamic dynasty founded by Ubaidillah Al Mahdi, who claimed descent from Fatimah, daughter of Prophet Muhammad. The dynasty rose to power in North Africa, eventually conquering Egypt and establishing Cairo as its capital. Known for its radical Shiite doctrines, the Fatimids clashed with the Abbasids and played a significant role in spreading Shiism. Despite their success, internal conflicts, external pressures, and a focus on luxury led to their downfall in 1171. Their lasting legacy includes the founding of Al-Azhar University and Dar Al-Hikmah, which continue to influence Islamic education and scholarship.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Fatimid Dynasty was a Shia Islamic dynasty founded by Ubaidillah Al Mahdi, who claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad.
• 😀 The dynasty initially arose in North Africa and expanded into Egypt, where it founded the city of Cairo as its new capital.
• 😀 Fatimid rule spanned from 909 CE to 1171 CE, lasting over 260 years and marking a significant era in Shia political and religious history.
• 😀 The Fatimids promoted a radical Shia ideology, which included the belief in the coming of Al Mahdi, and aimed to challenge the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate.
• 😀 The dynasty's major achievements include the establishment of **Al-Azhar University** in 970 CE, which remains a prominent educational institution today.
• 😀 The Fatimids successfully expanded their territory across North Africa, eventually conquering Maghreb and establishing a powerful presence in the region.
• 😀 The dynasty faced internal division after 1094 CE, particularly between the **Nizaris**, a more extreme faction, and the **Musta'ali**, a more moderate group.
• 😀 The Fatimids played a crucial role in supporting Shia Islam, particularly the Ismaili branch, and fostering a network of political and religious propaganda.
• 😀 By the 12th century, the dynasty encountered mounting external threats, including the Crusades and invasions by the Seljuk Turks.
• 😀 The Fatimid dynasty ultimately declined due to internal conflicts, leadership struggles, and military defeats, culminating in the takeover of Egypt by **Saladin** in 1171 CE.

Q & A

Who founded the Fatimid Dynasty?

The Fatimid Dynasty was founded by Ubaidillah al-Mahdi, who arrived from Syria to North Africa.

Why is the dynasty called the 'Fatimid Dynasty'?

The dynasty is named after Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, and the wife of the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib.

What was the significance of the Fatimids' claim to authority?

The Fatimids claimed to be the true caliphs, asserting their authority through the lineage of Fatimah, the Prophet Muhammad's daughter.

How did the Fatimids rise to power in North Africa?

The Fatimids rose to power with the support of the Berber tribes, defeating the Aghlabid governors in Ifriqiya and later expanding into Egypt.

What role did General Jawhar al-Siqilli play in the establishment of the Fatimid Dynasty?

General Jawhar al-Siqilli was instrumental in the conquest of Egypt and the establishment of Cairo as the Fatimid capital in 969 CE.

What major institution did the Fatimids establish in Cairo, and what was its purpose?

The Fatimids established Al-Azhar University in Cairo, which became a major center for Islamic learning and the study of various sciences.

How did the Fatimids interact with the Abbasid Caliphate?

The Fatimids competed with the Abbasid Caliphate, particularly in their claim to the caliphate, while also fostering a network of Shia supporters and spreading their doctrines.

What led to the division within the Fatimid movement after 1094 CE?

After the death of Al-Muntasir in 1094 CE, the Fatimid movement split into two factions: the Nizari extremists and the more moderate Musta'ali group.

What factors contributed to the decline of the Fatimid Dynasty?

The decline was due to factors like internal power struggles, corruption among the rulers, forced Shia ideology, and external threats, including the Crusades and attacks by the Ayyubid dynasty.

What was the legacy of the Fatimid Dynasty after its fall?

Despite its fall, the Fatimids left a lasting legacy, notably through Al-Azhar University and the Dar al-Hikmah institution, which continued to influence Islamic education and intellectual life.