Radd dalam Fiqh Mawaris

Summary

This video script explains the concept of 'Roti-Roti' in Islamic inheritance law, focusing on how leftover wealth is distributed when heirs do not fully claim their share. The script details various scenarios, including when certain heirs like spouses are excluded from extra wealth. It provides examples of how to calculate inheritance shares, especially when there are no heirs from specific categories like 'Ashobah' (agnatic relatives). The script also discusses the division of wealth among remaining family members and the resolution of surplus wealth in such cases.

Takeaways

• 😀 'Roti-roti' refers to leftover wealth after inheritance shares have been distributed.
• 😀 The 'ashobah' heirs (blood relatives like siblings) play a key role in inheriting leftover wealth. Without them, 'roti-roti' occurs.
• 😀 A spouse (husband or wife) cannot claim 'roti-roti' or the excess wealth from the inheritance because their claim is considered weaker than that of blood relatives.
• 😀 When the deceased leaves behind an estate, the inheritance is first divided among heirs, with specific shares based on the Islamic inheritance laws.
• 😀 The speaker demonstrates how to calculate inheritance using the Highest Common Factor (KPK) method, ensuring the proper division of wealth.
• 😀 In cases where there are no ashobah heirs and a spouse is excluded from 'roti-roti', the remaining wealth is allocated to the next eligible heirs.
• 😀 The script outlines a practical example of inheritance distribution where a deceased person leaves behind a daughter, mother, and wife, with the division based on Islamic law.
• 😀 If the inheritance includes only one type of heir (e.g., all daughters or all siblings), the distribution process becomes simpler and more straightforward.
• 😀 The division of inheritance also ensures that no heir receives more than their entitled share, and any leftover wealth is redistributed properly among the heirs.
• 😀 The concept of 'roti-roti' is used when there is excess wealth after the main shares are given, and it is handled by distributing it to the eligible heirs as determined by their rights.

Q & A

What is the concept of 'roti-roti' in inheritance?

The concept of 'roti-roti' refers to the leftover wealth after the initial distribution of an estate to heirs. This happens when there is a surplus after dividing the inheritance among the legal heirs, and the leftover wealth is further allocated, but not to the spouse.

Why can't a spouse receive the leftover wealth ('roti')?

A spouse cannot receive the leftover wealth because the relationship between a husband and wife is considered a 'sababiyah' (causal relationship), which is not as strong as a blood relationship. Therefore, the spouse does not have a right to the excess wealth after the primary inheritance shares are divided.

What happens if there are no 'ashobah' heirs in an inheritance?

If there are no 'ashobah' heirs, the leftover wealth (roti) can be distributed to the other heirs according to the shares determined by the inheritance law. The surplus wealth is divided among eligible heirs, excluding the spouse.

How do you calculate inheritance shares when there is leftover wealth?

Inheritance shares are calculated using the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the divisors to determine how to split the wealth fairly. Once the shares are determined, any remaining wealth is redistributed among the heirs, but not to the spouse.

What is the significance of the 'Least Common Multiple' (LCM) in inheritance calculations?

The LCM is used to find the smallest number that all shares can be divided into. It helps in determining the exact portions for each heir and ensures the distribution is fair and in line with Islamic inheritance laws.

What happens if a spouse is part of the inheritance distribution?

If a spouse is part of the inheritance distribution, they are not entitled to any leftover wealth (roti). The surplus wealth is distributed among other heirs, such as children or siblings, as per the inheritance shares.

In the example given in the transcript, how is Ahmad's estate distributed?

Ahmad's estate is distributed based on his heirs: his daughter receives half of the estate, and his wife receives a quarter. The remaining portion, if any, is then divided based on the remaining eligible heirs.

What is the role of ashobah heirs in inheritance distribution?

Ashobah heirs are male heirs who can claim the leftover wealth if there is any surplus. If ashobah heirs are present, the leftover wealth is given to them, and no roti distribution occurs.

How are inheritance shares determined when there are multiple heirs of the same type, such as multiple daughters?

When there are multiple heirs of the same type (e.g., multiple daughters), the inheritance is divided equally among them. For example, if there are 10 daughters, the estate would be divided into 10 equal parts.

How should leftover wealth be handled when there is a mixture of different types of heirs (e.g., mother, wife, sister)?

When there is a mixture of different types of heirs, such as a mother, wife, and sister, each heir receives their designated share based on Islamic law. If there is leftover wealth, it is distributed among the heirs according to their rightful portions, excluding the spouse from receiving the surplus.