Supply Chain Congestion: Can This Mess Be Fixed?

SupplyChainBrain
23 Dec 202106:47

Summary

TLDR在这段视频中,查尔斯·阿姆斯特朗,奥林顾问集团的创始合伙人,对当前全球供应链的混乱局面进行了深入分析。他将问题归结为三个主要方面:产能问题、约束问题和需求问题。2020年,由于疫情导致的亚洲生产中断、苏伊士运河阻塞等不可预见事件,供应链受到严重冲击。美国港口的拥堵和劳动力短缺进一步加剧了这一问题。阿姆斯特朗预测,除非避免类似苏伊士运河阻塞这样的重大事件,否则明年的情况可能会与今年相似。他建议,作为托运人,应重视与承运人的关系,提高预测准确性,考虑战略性地避开高峰期,并准备好支付额外费用以确保货物运输。

Takeaways

  • 🌐 **全球供应链问题**:当前全球供应链面临的问题可以归结为三个方面:运力问题、限制问题和需求问题。
  • 📈 **问题成因**:全球供应链的问题并非一夜间形成,而是由于过去几年中的一系列计划外事件累积而成,如COVID-19导致的亚洲生产中断。
  • 🚢 **苏伊士运河事件**:2020年苏伊士运河的堵塞事件对供应链造成了“鞭击效应”,进一步加剧了物流的紧张。
  • 🌊 **港口拥堵**:美国港口的拥堵问题,如洛杉矶和长滩港口外排队的船只数量高达70艘,凸显了港口空间和劳动力不足的问题。
  • ⏱️ **船只等待时间**:船只可能需要在港口外等待长达21天,这相当于从亚洲到美国的整个航程时间,导致运力进一步减少。
  • 🚧 **基础设施限制**:港口的基础设施限制,包括集装箱的装卸、地面处理能力、排水系统等,限制了供应链的效率。
  • 💰 **成本上升**:由于运力不足,航运公司可能会收取高峰季节附加费或额外费用,这需要企业在预算中考虑。
  • 📊 **需求预测**:良好的需求预测和帮助航运公司提高资产利用率对于获得更多运力至关重要。
  • 🔄 **战略规划**:企业可能需要重新评估其供应链策略,包括避免高峰季节的策略性规划,以及提前规划以应对未来的挑战。
  • ⏳ **长期挑战**:预计明年的情况可能会重复今年的问题,除非有重大的改进或解决方案出现。
  • 🤝 **合作关系**:与航运公司建立良好的合作关系,理解并优化供应链管理,对于应对当前的供应链挑战至关重要。

Q & A

  • 全球供应链目前面临的主要问题是什么?

    -全球供应链目前面临的主要问题是产能问题、约束问题和需求问题。这些问题在全球范围内普遍存在。

  • 2020年全球供应链出现问题的原因是什么?

    -2020年,由于COVID-19疫情导致亚洲生产中断,随后产生了牛鞭效应。此外,苏伊士运河的堵塞事件进一步加剧了供应链的紧张。

  • 为什么会出现船舶在美国港口外排队等待的情况?

    -船舶在美国港口外排队等待是因为港口没有足够的能力处理大量的货物,包括缺乏地面存放集装箱的空间、基础设施不足、劳动力短缺以及国内运输能力有限。

  • 目前洛杉矶和长滩港口外有多少艘船只等待进港?

    -根据对话内容,目前有70艘船只在洛杉矶和长滩港口外等待。

  • 船只等待进港对全球供应链有何影响?

    -船只长时间等待进港意味着它们的运输周期延长,减少了能够及时返回亚洲装载下一批货物的船只数量,从而减少了供应链的总体容量。

  • 为什么港口的货物处理能力会如此紧张?

    -港口的货物处理能力紧张主要是因为缺乏处理和存放集装箱的基础设施,以及缺乏劳动力和分发中心,国内运输也难以满足高峰期的需求。

  • 未来一年全球供应链的状况会有所改善吗?

    -根据对话内容,预计明年的状况可能会重复今年的情况,除非避免了类似苏伊士运河堵塞和疫情这样的不可预见事件。

  • 在当前的供应链状况下,托运人应该如何应对?

    -托运人应该了解并建立良好的承运人关系,提高预测准确性以帮助承运人提高资产利用率,考虑战略性地避开高峰期,并且准备好支付额外的旺季附加费或溢价。

  • 为什么说当前的供应链问题是‘等待发生的一个问题’?

    -这是因为在多个不可预见的事件发生之前,供应链已经存在容量和需求的问题,这些问题只是需要一些触发因素,如疫情和苏伊士运河事件,来加剧并显现出来。

  • 库存水平低和需求高是如何影响供应链的?

    -库存水平低意味着供应链需要补充库存以满足市场需求,而高需求则导致供应链压力增大,尤其是在运输、港口处理能力和集装箱供应等方面。

  • 对话中提到的‘牛鞭效应’是什么?

    -‘牛鞭效应’是指当供应链的一个环节出现需求波动时,这种波动会沿着供应链向上游放大,导致上游环节面临更大的需求波动和库存波动。

Outlines

00:00

😀 全球供应链现状解析

本段落中,主持人Bob与嘉宾Charlie Armstrong讨论了当前全球供应链面临的困境。Charlie将问题归结为三个主要方面:产能问题、限制问题和需求问题。他提到,这些问题并非一夜间形成,而是由于2020年一系列不可预见的事件,如疫情导致的亚洲生产中断,以及苏伊士运河堵塞等,造成了供应链的紧张。此外,港口的拥堵和处理能力的不足进一步加剧了供应链的问题。Charlie还提到,目前大约有70艘船只在美国洛杉矶和长滩港口外等待,这不仅增加了交货的延迟,也减少了可用的运输能力。

05:00

😉 应对全球供应链挑战的策略

在第二段落中,Charlie为应对全球供应链的挑战提出了几点建议。首先,他强调了与航运公司保持良好关系的重要性,并建议通过准确预测帮助航运公司提高资产利用率,以获取更多的运输能力。其次,他建议企业重新审视自己的需求和交货时间,可能需要战略性地避开高峰期。最后,他提醒企业要有支付额外费用的准备,因为在运输能力紧张的情况下,可能需要支付高峰季节附加费或溢价以确保货物运输。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡全球供应链

全球供应链是指跨越不同国家和地区,涉及采购、生产、运输和分销等环节的供应网络。视频中,这个概念贯穿整个讨论,因为嘉宾指出供应链出现了容量、限制和需求问题,导致整体运作受到干扰。

💡容量问题

容量问题是供应链无法满足当前需求的现象。视频中,嘉宾提到,船只在洛杉矶和长滩港口排队等待21天以上,导致无法及时返回亚洲装载下一批货物,直接导致网络容量的不足。

💡限制问题

限制问题是指供应链各环节的基础设施和资源受到阻碍的现象。视频中,嘉宾提到劳动力不足、港口装卸设备不足以及仓储设施的分配问题都是供应链中产生限制的因素,进一步加剧了供应链的压力。

💡需求问题

需求问题是指市场需求增长超出了供应链的承载能力。视频中,嘉宾解释,由于疫情引发供应链不稳定,导致库存偏低,造成一种虚高的需求,使全球供应链在短时间内无法满足这种反弹的需求。

💡意外事件

意外事件指的是供应链无法预测并加以预防的突发状况。视频中,嘉宾举例了2020年的新冠疫情、苏伊士运河封锁以及盐田港停运等突发事件,导致全球供应链出现了明显的波动和断裂。

💡供应商关系

供应商关系在供应链管理中非常关键,是与供应链上下游的沟通与协作。视频中,嘉宾提到,与运输商保持良好关系和准确的需求预测可以帮助企业在危机时获取优先资源,确保资产利用率,从而获得更多容量。

💡港口运力

港口运力指的是港口在装卸和处理货物方面的能力。视频中,嘉宾描述了船只在美国港口排队等待靠泊的现象,反映出港口运力不足的问题,这直接导致货物滞留在海上,影响了全球供应链。

💡船运时间

船运时间指的是从货物装载到目的港到货的运输周期。视频中提到,船只在港口排队等待的21天相当于从亚洲到美国的整个运输周期,意味着这些船只的往返时间被大幅延长,影响了整体运输网络的运力。

💡旺季附加费

旺季附加费是指在供应链需求高峰期,运输商对货主征收的额外费用。嘉宾提到,由于运输容量紧张,货主在高峰期需要支付附加费用才能确保货物优先装船运输,这种成本需在预算中预先考虑。

💡预测与调整

预测与调整是指企业根据供应链现状和未来需求的变化,提前做好规划和战略调整。嘉宾建议,企业需要重新审视自身的需求和供应链策略,避免旺季期间的高峰期运输,或调整预算以应对不断变化的运输费用。

Highlights

全球供应链面临混乱,存在产能问题、约束问题和需求问题。

2020年的一系列不可预见事件,如COVID-19导致亚洲生产中断,引发了供应链的牛鞭效应。

苏伊士运河事件进一步加剧了供应链的紧张,导致运输网络中的资产失衡。

港口的吞吐量不足,无法应对激增的货物量,导致了持续的供应链瓶颈。

美国港口的拥堵导致船只长时间等待,减少了运输网络的可用运力。

港口的基础设施、劳动力和国内运输能力无法满足高峰期的需求,导致需求在其他区域溢出。

供应链的现有运力因需求增长而不再有效,需要重新评估和调整。

预计明年(2023年)的供应链状况将与今年(2022年)相似,除非没有类似的不可预见事件发生。

库存水平仍然较低,供应链正在努力追赶,导致人为需求的增加。

为了避免高峰期的拥堵,可能需要重新考虑和调整产品的交付时间。

预计在晚春或更晚些时候,供应链的需求才能得到缓解。

货运商需要理解并建立良好的承运人关系,以提高资产利用率。

精准的预测和帮助承运人提高资产周转率,可能有助于获得更多的运力。

可能需要支付额外的高峰季节附加费或溢价,以确保货物能够顺利运输。

供应链的改善需要时间,可能需要等到下一个非高峰期才能看到显著的缓解。

货运商需要在预算中考虑可能的额外费用,以应对供应链的不确定性。

查理·阿姆斯特朗(Charlie Armstrong)提供了对当前供应链状况的深刻见解和实用的建议。

Transcripts

play00:02

[Music]

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it's a mess out there in global supply

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chains what is going on

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explanations from my guest today charles

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armstrong he is founding partner with

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orion advisors group hello charlie hey

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how you doing bob thanks for joining me

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so

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answer that question for me would you

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please what the heck is going on

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well we're talking about the global

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supply chain you know i

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boil it down bob into we've got three

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things we've got a capacity problem

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we've got a constraint problem we got a

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demand problem

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on a global basis

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that's that's what we're dealing with

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okay it's uh pretty tough how did we

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come to this state of affairs

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well we didn't get here overnight

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we've had a global supply chain and

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we've had some capacity constraints in

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the past you know typically there was

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around the the peak season the fall

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season everybody knew it was going to

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happen

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um

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but in 2020 right we had a series of

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unplanned events we had covet which shut

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down

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the production out of asia and then that

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created you know kind of a bullwhip

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effect once it started to come back up

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then the steamship lines were moving the

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product to the us we ended up with a

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backlog in the u.s about the time we

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thought we got through that constraint

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the suez canal came around we threw

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another

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bull whip effect into the into the

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network

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start to stabilize we came back coved

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shut down yang tien

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now those are just three examples of

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unplanned

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unplanned constraints which had residual

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impacts on the steamship lines as they

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got assets in the u.s and they were out

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of balance

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and as that went through the process

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then the ports

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right you know we had a situation where

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all of that surge went to the ports and

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the ports didn't have the capacity

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and so this process just continued on a

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rolling basis to the point where these

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series of constraints of ports

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throughput

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and the unplanned events

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sort of created it took a utilization

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problem to the next level it's a problem

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waiting to happen all it needed was a

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few more little elements to uh but if i

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if i see 65 ships uh birthed offshore of

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the ports of la and long beach and i say

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oh well the problem is that there's not

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enough

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space in the ports and not enough labor

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in the ports and that's why i have a

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feeling i'm oversimplifying the

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situation am i not

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the number's 70 today by the way okay

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i'm sorry 70. so what's a 70 mean well

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it's 70 vessels that are not docking

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more importantly than that is that 70

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vessels that may sit out there for 21

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days

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that 21 days is equivalent to the entire

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trip from asia

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which means now not only do we have

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vessels with extended lead times in 21

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days but we just took capacity out of

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the network again because those vessels

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will not get back to asia in time

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to pick up their next trip

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now back to your point so we're so at

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the port why are the vessels sitting in

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the water they're sitting because not so

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much because the cranes can take the

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containers off

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but there's capacity to ground the ocean

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containers

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the infrastructure the the drainage

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process the the digestion the lack of

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labor and distribution centers the

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domestic transportation

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can't absorb

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that demand that peak it's sort of like

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you squeeze a balloon the air pops up

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someplace and so that one constraint

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creates demand in another area and it

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can't be absorbed so that's it's again

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this goes back to demand

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capacity

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and constraints and then the uh

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the building effect of how existing

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capacity is no longer

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uh effective right because we lost it

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through the utilization demand for ships

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demand for port space demand for chassis

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demand for containers trailers the whole

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thing it's all one big package right

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correct yeah so okay

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uh

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is this gonna happen next year is is

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this a long-term thing when are we gonna

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see some relief

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well

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i think the reality of it is is next

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year's going to be repeated this year oh

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boy that's that's a great thing to hear

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well

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it's the reality uh

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the truth of the matter is is that the

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only thing that's going to be different

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between

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this year and next year

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is the unplanned

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if we don't have the suez canal we don't

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have yang tien we don't have coved

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we won't have that

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something else well but there could be

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something else but it was but if we

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don't have those three events which we

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haven't had for

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what probably the last decade three in a

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row

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then what we just have to deal with is

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the fact that we have this capacity

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demand situation inventories are still

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low

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we're still playing catch up

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so we have an artificial demand

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that has to be absorbed and that won't

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get absorbed until

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late spring depending on who you talk to

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and right behind late spring comes fall

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and it comes the same time every year

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here comes another peak season so what's

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the fix charlie

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well i think if if i'm a shipper i have

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to understand those things

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understand that

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carrier relationships are going to be

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critical

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the carriers care about asset

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utilization so great forecasting helping

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them turn their assets will hopefully

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get you access to more capacity because

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they got to maintain their utilization

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secondly i think i take a look at my

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demand you know i just mentioned fall

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comes the same time every year

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if we think next year is going to be a

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repeat of this year

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plus or minus another suez canal

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maybe you need to take a look at your

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lead times maybe you need to try and

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avoid

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those peak periods strategically for a

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year

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and then the other thing is i think you

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need to be prepared to pay some premiums

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you know the reality of it is is we're

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going to be short on capacity

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and that capacity if you want to move

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you're going to have to probably pay a

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peak season surcharge or a premium to

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get onto the vessel so you need to build

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that into your budget

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charlie i want to thank you so much for

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your insights your honest evaluation and

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some suggestions as to how this terrible

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situation might fix itself at some point

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thanks for being with me today bob great

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to see you again i've been speaking with

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charlie armstrong of orion advisors

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group thank you very much for watching

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全球供应链产能问题需求问题运输瓶颈疫情影响苏伊士运河港口拥堵物流管理市场预测成本上升行业分析
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